Unit Interface

Unit Interface

- Active, Passive voice

Active and Passive voice

What is it?

Active: We say WHO did it

The teacher graded the tests.

The result: Now the students know their grades.

Passive: When we do not say who did it

The tests were graded.

The result: Now the students know their grades.

Active: We say WHO did it

Passive: We do not say WHO did it

The result in both sentences is the same!

WHY passive voice?

1. When we do not know WHO did it

My car was stolen yesterday.

2. When it does not matter WHO did it (the activity is more important than the person who did it)

The new president is sworn in at the Capitol.

3. Scientific texts
The rat was placed into a maze.

HOW do we make passive voice?

John kissed Jane. 

• - 1. See who did it (person) -> John
• - 2. What did they do (verb) and in what TENSE -> kissed (past simple)
• - 3. What is the object they did it to (a thing, another person…) -> Jane
• HOW FORM THE PASSIVE VOICE:
• - 1. Put the object in the beginning and forget about the person -> Jane
• - 2. Add the verb ‘BE’ in the same tense! -> was (past simple)
• - 3.  Put the verb to 3de rijtje (pg. 90!) -> kissed
• Jane was kissed (by John). 

EXAMPLE SENTENCE

Active: John collects money.

• 1. See WHO did it:
• JOHN
  
• 2. WHAT did he DO (verb) & tense
• COLLECTS (present simple!)
  
• 3. What is the OBJECT? 
• MONEY
• Passive: Object in the beginning, verb to be (present simple), verb 3rd row
• Money is collected (by John). 

Active -> Passive

Thousands of tourists visit the Grand Canyon every year.

• The Grand Canyon is visited every year (by thousands of tourists).

The homeowners remodeled the house to help it sell.

• The house was remodeled to help it sell (by the homeowners).

The kangaroo carried her baby in her pouch.

• Her baby was carried in her pouch (by the kangaroo).

The cleaning crew vacuums and dusts the office every night.

• The office is vacuumed and dusted every night (by the cleaning crew).

Examples:

The teacher reads 1 book per week.

We do not clean our rooms. 

Harry ate six shrimp at dinner.

Sue changed the flat tire.

I draw a picture. 

I ran the obstacle course in record time.

Examples:

The teacher reads 1 book per week. -> 1 book per week is read (by the teacher)

We do not clean our rooms.  -> Our rooms were not cleaned (by us).

Harry ate six shrimp at dinner. -> At dinner six shrimp were eaten (by Harry).

Sue changed the flat tire. -> The flat tire was changed (by Sue).

I draw a picture.  -> A picture was drawn (by me)

I ran the obstacle course in record time. ->The obstacle course was run in record time (by me).

What is the difference between these two sentences??

We took our children to the circus yesterday. 

Our children were taken to the circus yesterday.

Result      --------->

What is the difference between these two sentences??

We took our children to the circus yesterday. 

• -> we know and we think it's important to know WHO took the children to the circus
• Active voice

Our children were taken to the circus yesterday (by us).

• -> We don't care/don't know who took the children to the circus
• Passive voice

Result      --------->

What is the difference between these two sentences??

1. We took our children to the circus yesterday. 
   Our children were taken to the circus yesterday (by us).
   
   
2. We take our children to the circus every day.

• Our children are taken to the circus every day (by us). 

• PAST vs PRESENT

Examples:

The teacher reads 1 book per week.

We do not clean our rooms. 

Harry ate six shrimp at dinner.

Sue changed the flat tire.

I draw a picture. 

I ran the obstacle course in record time.

Examples:

The teacher reads 1 book per week. -> 1 book per week is read (by the teacher)

We do not clean our rooms.  -> Our rooms were not cleaned (by us).

Harry ate six shrimp at dinner. -> At dinner six shrimp were eaten (by Harry).

Sue changed the flat tire. -> The flat tire was changed (by Sue).

I draw a picture.  -> A picture was drawn (by me)

I ran the obstacle course in record time. ->The obstacle course was run in record time (by me).

Referring to people and things: 

who, which, that, where

• WHO = terugverwijst naar mensen
  Willy Rodriguez is a janitor who has worked at the World Trade Center for 20 years
• WHICH = terugverwijst naar dingen of dieren
  The dogs, which were roaming the streets, were taken to an animal shelter.
• THAT = terugverwijst naar mensen, dieren of dingen.
  Vóór that kan géén komma staan
  Who are the people that helped us?
  The two planes that hit the Twin Towers caused much damage
• WHERE = terugverwijzen naar een plaats
  We live in a world where people have easy access to semi-automatic weapons.

Relative pronouns: who/which or THAT?

In sommige gevallen kun je in plaats van who or which ook THAT gebruiken. Dat kan alleen als je de bijzin (het deel van de zin dat met who/which begint - niet weg kunt laten omdat de zin dan onduidelijk wordt. 

Er staat geen komma voor zo'n bijzin.

Is that the man who / that gave you a compliment?

I like the song which / that is on the radio now.

that vs which/who

• I have two dogs. One is a labrador and one is a husky.

• My dog that is a husky is very energetic today.
  -> You know that I have more than 1 dogs so I have to give you extra info on which one I mean (that its breed is a husky)
• My dog, which is a labrador, is very tired today.
   -> don't know how many dogs I have but one of them is a labrador

A HINT: focus on the commas! Which = COMMA, that = no comma

Passive voice revision:

1. People speak Portuguese in Brazil.

2. The Government is planning a new road near my house.

3. My grandfather built this house in 1943.

4. Picasso was painting Guernica at that time.

5. The cleaner has cleaned the office.

6. He had written three books before 1867.

7. John will tell you later.

_____________________________________________________________________

Passive voice KEY

1. People speak Portuguese in Brazil. -> Portguese is spoken in Brazil.

2. The Government is planning a new road near my house. -> A new road near my house is being planned.

3. My grandfather built this house in 1943. -> This house was built in 1943.

4. Picasso was painting Guernica at that time. -> Guernica was being painted.

5. The cleaner has cleaned the office. -> The office has been cleaned.

6. He had written three books before 1867. -> Three books had been written.

7. John will tell you later. -> You will be told later.

_____________________________________________________________________

That, Who, Which, Where, (whose)

1. What is the difference between who and which and where? What do they refer to?

2. What is the difference between using who&which vs. that?

3.  What is the difference between who and whose?

Example: _____ is the man ______ dog is barking so loud??

Referring to people and things: 

who, which, that, where

• WHO = terugverwijst naar mensen
  Willy Rodriguez is a janitor who has worked at the World Trade Center for 20 years
• WHICH = terugverwijst naar dingen of dieren
  The dogs, which were roaming the streets, were taken to an animal shelter.
• THAT = terugverwijst naar mensen, dieren of dingen.
  Vóór that kan géén komma staan
  Who are the people that helped us?
  The two planes that hit the Twin Towers caused much damage
• WHERE = terugverwijzen naar een plaats
  We live in a world where people have easy access to semi-automatic weapons.

that vs which

• I have two dogs. One is a labrador and one is a husky.

• My dog that is a husky is very energetic today.
  -> You know that I have more than 1 dogs so I have to give you extra info (that its breed is a husky)
• My dog, which is a labrador, is very tired today.
   -> don't know how many dogs I have but one of them is a labrador

A HINT: focus on the commas! Which = COMMA, that = no comma