3.3 ABSOLUTISM

3. The Time of Regents and Monarchs
3.1 Absolutism

+ disaster hits the Republic
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Slide 1: Tekstslide
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In deze les zitten 24 slides, met tekstslides en 6 videos.

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3. The Time of Regents and Monarchs
3.1 Absolutism

+ disaster hits the Republic

Slide 1 - Tekstslide

Louis inherited the French throne when he was only four years old.
Louis XIV (1643 - 1715)

Slide 2 - Tekstslide

Louis adopted the sun symbol to show that he was God's representative on earth and that he, like the sun, was the center of the universe
the king is holy

Slide 3 - Tekstslide

His most famous quote

Slide 4 - Tekstslide

Louis XIV spent 40 years and used over 35,000 workers to build the sickest palace of all time 13 miles away from Paris in Versailles
The palace had over 700 rooms (and 1 toilet)

Slide 5 - Tekstslide

Louis was actually a small guy (1,62 m)

But with an enormous wig and high heels he appeared to be 2,13 m

Slide 6 - Tekstslide

Louis promoted red-heeled shoes as the ultimate status symbol. 
For the next century, Louis’s red shoes remained a necessary finishing touch to any noble ensemble.

Slide 7 - Tekstslide

Big Ego, Big Style. Now simply known as "Style Louis XIV"

Slide 8 - Tekstslide

The king owned over 1,000 wigs and 413 beds!

Slide 9 - Tekstslide

Besides his wife, he had 3 mistresses
at least 13 illegitimate children
and countless other lovers

Slide 10 - Tekstslide

Royal intolerance
The Catholic Sun King decided that his own faith should be the only faith. 

Slide 11 - Tekstslide

Code Noir
This law normalised slavery,
gave free black people less rights,
and slaves had to be baptised

Slide 12 - Tekstslide

France’s territory in the America was called the Louisiana Territory 

In 1803 this land was sold to the United States

Slide 13 - Tekstslide

Louis spent 50 years of his reign fighting wars of agression

In 1672 he invaded the Netherlands 

Slide 14 - Tekstslide

3.1 ABSOLUTISM
King Louis XIV (14th) of France is the best known example of an 
"absolute monarch"

This means that:
  1. The king's power was absolute. He could make every decision without consulting anyone.
  2. His monarchy was divine: he was made king by God to carry out the will of God (so he claimed).

Slide 15 - Tekstslide

Slide 16 - Video

Slide 17 - Video

Slide 18 - Video

Slide 19 - Video

MERCANTILISM
Comes from the word merchant / merchandise.
Who? European countries
What? rules about TRADE 
Why?  to make their own country rich and more powerful
How? make sure you export (sell) more goods than you import (buy).

The colonies play an important role in this: 

Slide 20 - Tekstslide

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Slide 21 - Video

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Slide 22 - Video

Disaster Year 1672
struggle in the Republic:
orangists          vs           Anti-Orangists

Stadtholder                   Grand Pensionary
Prince of Orange            Johan de Witt

Because prince William III was still very young, most power was for the Grand Pensionary.  Johan de Witt even tried to abolish the post of Stadtholder.

Slide 23 - Tekstslide

Disaster Year 1672
The Republic was attacked from 3 sides:
- the Germans came from the east
- the British attacked from the west
- the French invaded from the south


Only a stadtholder (general) could save the Republic now.
William III was appointed. He succesfully ended the war. Johan de Witt was murdered.
The Oranges now became more important...

Slide 24 - Tekstslide