V4 English week 17

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 4

V4 week 17

- Finish your book and make a plan for your presentation. Answer at least the following question:

  What will be the Focal Point that you have chosen to discuss your book?

  Briefly discuss how this FP is connected to your book.

- Please do the following exercises in the Objective Advanced book and check your own work.

Ex. 6,7,8 pp. 68-9

Ex. 2,3,4,5 pp. 70-1

- Check your work and insert (a) photograph(s) of your written and checked work in the

  VEF Week 6 and hand it in before Friday 5 pm via 'Magister Opdrachten'.

Book presentation

- After the May holiday, in small groups digitally during class hours. We will start May 12. You will sorted into groups at random.

- Make sure you have finished your book by the end of the May holiday.

- Email the presentation visuals (ppt, prezi etc) to your teacher the day before your presentation for reviewing (you will use screenshare in Teams during your presentation itself).
- Your teacher and about 3/4 classmates will see your presentation & it will be marked.

Focal points

What is a focal point? - a particular part of the book that you want to highlight in your presentation. This can be about several things: how the author's life has influenced the book; the impact this book has had on other works of fiction; the impact it has on culture in general; what theme really stands out to you?

How do you find a good one? - Have a look online and google your book. What do other people say about it? Is there anything you thought stood out? Is there a particular way of storytelling going on? What do you think the author wants to teach/tell the readers?  Are you reading a classic or highly popular novel - try having a look at www.sparknotes.com or www.litcharts.com

Other sites you can try: bookrags, thebestnotes, novelguide, shmoop. 

Example

I recently read the book Renegades by Marissa Meyer. It is about an apocalyptic world where superheroes rule after they won a battle with supervillains. The main character is a villain going undercover to destroy what the superheroes have built. 

My focal point could be: how does the author establish morality in a world where good vs bad is the same as hero vs villain? 

While reading I learned that the heroes lie and bully, and the villains just want to live a life free of oppression. Both sides do things considered good and both sides do things considered bad. I've learned that it is not so much about what makes hero, but more about the 'victor' deciding on the rules. In my presentation, I would give examples of this the make my point clear.

Focal point: what could
yours be about?

Grammar revision

Grammar unit 9: Future Tenses

Gramamr unit 10: Participle Clauses

Future tenses

1. Simple Future:                  will walk / am going to walk
   
2. Present Continous         am walking
   
3. Present Simple                walk/walks
   
4. Be + infinitive                    are to walk/ are not to walk
   
5. Future Continuous         will be going
   
6. Future Perfect                  will have walked
   
7. Future in the past           was going to walk/ would walk
   

Future simple

will + verb: 

- used to talk about a future action or event at the point of decision: I will come to cinema with you tonight.

- used to make predictions about the future: You will meet a tall, dark stranger.

- used to make promises: I will buy a car for your birthday.

to be going to + verb:

- used to talk about intentions/ plan & decisions based on intentions: We're going to visit our friends in New Zealand next winter.

- used to talk about future events and actions based on present evidence, especially when we can see that the event is imminent: Watch out! We're going to hit that tree!

Present continuous

to be + verb & -ing: 

Used to talk about plans and arrangements for the future. A time reference often makes the future meaning clear:

- What are you doing tonight?

- We're meeting early tomorrow morning.

Present simple

verb/verb + s:

- used to talk about timetables and schedules: 

   Our trains leaves at 6.30 tomorrow morning.

- used  with future references  in subordinate clauses after time conjunctions such as  when, before, until, as soon as:

   I hope you will text us as soons as you get home.

be + infinitive

Used in formal situations. Often in rules or instructions, or when you talk about official plans. Common in news reports.

- Staff are not to use company telephones for personal calls

- The Prime Minister is to visit South Africa next month

Future continuous

will + be + verb & -ing:

Focuses on an action or event in progress at a specific time in the future. 

- This time next week I'll be lying on a beach in Italy.

- This day next month I will be spending more time with my family.

Future perfect

will + have + past participle:

used when looking forward to a future time and then looks back from that point.

- By the end of next year we will have finished the project.

- When the summer rolls around, we will have redecorated the entire house.

Future in the past

was/were + going to + verb OR would + verb

used to look back at a past time and talk about the future as it was at that past time.

- By the time I left school I knew I was going to become a doctor.

- I thought it would be cold today, but it isn't.

1. The bus ___ at 7.30. We will have to wait a bit longer.

1. will be arriving
2. will arriving
3. arrives
4. is going to arrive

2. The report on air pollution ___ next Thursday.

1. will have finished
2. will be finishing
3. will be finished
4. will finish

3. The book ___ by the end of this year.

1. will have been published
2. will publish
3. will be publishing
4. publish

4. What __________ at the weekend?

1. will you do
2. are you going to do
3. are you doing

5. If you keep running around on this slippery floor ______

1. you will fall over
2. you're going to fall over
3. you're going to fall over

6. By the time I retire _______________ .

1. I'll have worked here for twenty years
2. I'll be working here for twenty years
3. I'm working here for twenty years

7. This time next week _______________ .

1. I will sit on the beach in Thailand
2. I will be sitting on the beach in Thailand
3. I will have sat on the beach in Thailand

8. Where do you think ___________ in ten years' time?

1. you are going to live
2. you are living
3. you will be living

Unit 10: participle clauses

In English, participle clauses are mainly used in writing in order to put a lot of information into one sentence.

There are three kinds of participles in English:

present participle, past participle and perfect participle.

We can use participle clauses when the participle and the verb

 in the main clause have the same subject. For example:

• Waiting for Ellie, I made some tea. (While I was waiting for Ellie, I made some tea.) 

Present participle

The Present Participle is the ing-form. You surely know this form:

• from progressive / continuous tenses – I am speaking.
  
• as an adjective form – The film is interesting.
  
• as a gerund – He is afraid of flying.
  

Furthermore, the present participle can be used to shorten or combine active clauses that have the same subject: 

She left the house and whistled. –  She left the house whistling. 

When to use Present Participles

For an action that is the result of another action:

• Moments later a bomb exploded, leaving three people dead and twelve others injured.

For a reason for the action in the main clause:

• Having nothing left to do, Paula went home. (Since Paula had nothing left to do, she went home.)

Here the subjects of the two actions can be different:

• The weather being nice, we decided to go for a picnic. (As the weather was nice, we decided to go for a picnic.)

Past participle

The Past Participle is the participle that you find in the third column of lists with irregular verbs. You surely know this form:

• from perfect tenses – I have spoken.
  
• from passive voice – The letter was written.
  
• as an adjective form – I was bored to death.
  

The past participle can also be used to shorten or combine passive clauses that have the same subject:

The boy was given an apple. He stopped crying. – Given an apple, the boy stopped crying. 

When to use Past Participles

Past participle clauses replace passive voice finite clauses:

• Shocked by the explosion, the people ran for shelter. (The people were shocked by the explosion and ran for shelter.)
  
• The musicians stood up, surrounded by thunderous applause. (The musicians stood up while they were surrounded by thunderous applause.)
  

If we want to emphasise that an action happens before another one, we use a passive perfect participle:

• Having been nominated three times for an Oscar, he is one of today's most acclaimed film directors.

Perfect participle:

The Perfect Participle can be used to shorten or combine clauses that have the same subject if:

• … one action (the one where the perfect participle is used) is completed before the next action starts, e.g. She bought a bike and cycled home. – Having bought a bike, she cycled home.
  
• … one action has been going on for a period of time when another action starts, e.g. He had been living there for such a long time that he didn’t want to move to another town. – Having lived there for such a long time, he didn’t want to move to another town.
  

The perfect participle can be used for active and passive voice.

• active voice: having + past participle (Having cooked, he set the table.)
  
• passive voice: having been + past participle (Having been cooked, the food looked delicious.)
  

When to use Perfect Participles

If we want to make it clear that an action happens before another one, we use a perfect participle for the earlier action:

• Having washed the car, I noticed a small scratch on the front right fender. (After I washed the car, I noticed a small scratch on the front right fender.)

Here the present participle (washing the car) would mean "while I was washing the car".

If the two actions do not follow each other immediately or if the first action happens over a period of time, we use a perfect participle instead of a present participle for the earlier action:

• Having seen the film before, I didn't want to go to the cinema.
• Mark knew the town well, having lived there all his life.

1. __________ in the jungle, George had to find the way out on his own.

1. Having lost
2. Lost
3. Losing

2. ____________, our pottery will last for generations.

1. You treat with care
2. Treated with care
3. Treating with care

3. ___________ in Denmark, he could speak Danish perfectly well.

1. Having spent his childhood
2. Spent his childhood
3. Spending his childhood

4. ______, he had a long holiday.

1. Having finished the novel
2. The novel finished
3. The writer having finished the novel

5. _________ with his daughter's behaviour, he bought her sweets.

1. Her daddy pleased
2. Pleased
3. Having pleased

6. Which sentence is CORRECT?

1. The house being made of stone, it is quite cool in summer
2. Made of stone, the house is quite cool in summer
3. Making it of stone, the house is quite cool in summer

End of class

• Don't forget to prepare your presentation & make sure you have a focal point. You can always ask your teacher to check if it is a good one.
• Fill and hand in the VEF for this week on Friday!

Have a great May holiday!