HISTORY OF IRELAND 3

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 3

What do you remember from yesterday?

Henry VIII was a remarkable man. What is he known for?

1. He beheaded a few of his wives
2. He started the Anglican church
3. He broke with the Pope in Rome
4. All of the above

What is the name of the famous battle in 1690, won by William of Orange?

1. Battle of Blackwater Bay
2. Battle of the Boyne
3. Battle of the Bastards
4. Battle of Hardhome

British occupation

• Crazy Medieval British Kings 
• Plantation of Ulster  (early 1600's)
• William of Orange (1690)
• The Irish Potato Famine (1840's)
  

British occupation

The Irish fight back!

Easter Rising - 1916

• Irish wanted 'Home Rule': a parliament in Dublin, not London. 
• British finally said 'OK' in 1914
• But then, WW1 broke out and Home Rule was postponed

• "Ireland unfree shall never be at peace!" (Patrick Pearse)
• So: members of the Irish Republican Brotherhood  (IRB) proclaimed the Republic

The Irish proclaimed the Irish Republic and on Easter Monday they occupied several buildings in Dublin.

1

Eventually, the rebels had to give up. They were running out of ammunition and the British kept sending in more soldiers and artillery.

3

Heavy (guerilla) fighting ensued for several days, all over the city centre.

2

Result: in 1918, the republican party Sinn Fein won a landslide victory in the Irish elections. The road to a free country became clearer and clearer.... 

5

The ringleaders of the rebellion were arrested and executed. This turned them into martyrs - and made the Irish people warm up even more towards the idea of a free country.... 

4

What happened to the leaders of the Easter Rising?

1. There were sent to Australia
2. They were executed
3. They were pardoned
4. They had to do a 'taakstraf'

What was the result of the executions (as in, public opinion)?

Irish War for Independence

• Guerilla war, 1919 - 1921

• December 1918 election: the republican party Sinn Féin won a landslide victory in Ireland. 
• On 21 January 1919 they formed a breakaway government (Dáil Éireann) and declared independence from Britain.
  
• Start of the IRA

key players: Eamon DeValera & Michael Collins

Bloody Sunday 

• 21 November 1920
• 15 people killed by IRA, mostly British secret service agents

• Next day: revenge from the British
• Croke Park massacre
• Civilians: 14 killed, 70 wounded

Eventually, the British

ask for a truce.

Anglo-Irish Treaty

• Signed in London: 1921 
• Irish Free State (as part pf the British Empire)
  
• Partition of Northern Ireland

•  Dáil Éireann ratified the Treaty: 64 to 57.

With this Treaty, was Ireland 'free'?

1. Yes, they became the Republic they wanted to be
2. No, they still had to swear allegiance to the Crown.

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Irish Civil War

• 1922-1923
• pro-treaty vs anti-treaty
  
• Collins vs DeValera  (who resigned as president)
  
• former IRA 'brothers' now fighting each other
• Collins eventually killed in West-Cork
  

Pro-Treaty wins --> much later -->  Republic of Ireland  (1948)

The Troubles

Northern Ireland, 1970's

Catholics

(45% of population)

Republicans

Nationalists

Want to unite with Ireland

IRA (Irish Republican Army)

Protestants

(48% of population) 

Unionists

Loyalists

Want to be part of UK

UVF (Ulster Volunteer Force)

The Troubles

Battle of the Bogside- 1969

The escalation of the Civil Rights Movement - and by some believed to be the start of the Troubles - was the Battle of the Bogside, Derry, 1969.

Protestant marchers marched through the mainly Catholic/ Nationalist city of Derry. Massive violence breaks out, and this is by some seen as the start of The Troubles. 

Bloody Sunday - 1972

Bloody Sunday was an incident on 30 January 1972 in the Bogside area of Derry, Northern Ireland. British soldiers shot 28 unarmed civilians during a peaceful protest march against 'internment': throwing people in prison without reason/ trial. Fourteen people died. The Irish band U2 famously wrote a song about this day. 

Good Friday Agreement - 1998

This could be seen as 'the end of The Troubles'. The Irish, Northern Irish and British governments signed an agreement for peace. 

All in all, 3,500 people were killed in the conflict. 52% were civilians, 32% were members of the British security forces, and 16% were members of paramilitary groups.

www.nu.nl

en.wikipedia.org

Northern Ireland today

relatively peaceful 

still 'segregation' in some areas

tourism is generally safe

beautiful countryside - Game of Thrones!

So.... will Ireland ever be united?

Main events

• Easter Rising: 1916
  
• War of Indepence: 1919-1921
• Civil War: 1922-1923
• The Troubles: 1968-1998

Interesting stuff?