4.3 Emperor against Pope - TEACH -

• History
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 1

Who has the most power?

king

pope

both

use weapons

command soldiers

 command police

make laws

act as judge

punish people

AGE 4: The Time of cities and states

4.3 Emperor against Pope

people in this lesson

Gregory VII

pope

Rome

Henry IV

king, later emperor

Germany

Clement III

anti pope

Rome

What you can explain /  do after this lesson

• why the Church wanted to appoint bishops
• why secular rulers wanted to appoint bishops
• explain the difference between spiritual and secular rules

Important dates in this lesson:

1077: King Henry IV goes to Canossa

1084: Henry has himself crowned emperor by an antipope

1122: End of the Investiture Controversy

First make a note in your notebook.

Lesson 4.3

In the Middle Ages, power was divided in:

• secular   power:  (Dutch: wereldlijke macht) = to rule over countries and                                            people:   KING / EMPEROR
• spiritual power:  (Dutch: geestelijke macht) = to rule over the church and its                                    followers: POPE

• Which was more powerful?

First make a note in your notebook.

Secular rulers had many tools of power:

• command armies, make wars
• control police
• make laws
• act as judge
• punish people

can you think of a modern country (outside Europe)
in which the ruler is BOTH a secular AND a spiritual leader?

secular

spiritual

9Make the correct combinations

excommunication

warfare

government

monarchy

sword

monastery

prayer

bishop

feudalism

papal bull

First make a note in your notebook.

Spiritual rulers had different tools:

• the power to persuade people that your words are the will of God.
• the power of excommunication: 
• = to take away someone's membership of the Church

Meaning:

• You are an outcast
• You will go to hell when you die.
• People who help you will also be punished by God.

ONE ANSWER PER GROUP
Read the extract from the pope's excommunication
letter.
Write in one sentence, in your own words, what
the pope's message to the German people is.

Imagine you live in the 13th century. You are a Christian
What would you FEAR MOST?
Punishment by the king, or excommunication by the pope?

prison time or torture during your life?

eternal torture in hell after you die

Now you are you, here, today.
What would you FEAR MOST?
Punishment by the king, or excommunication by the pope?

prison time or torture during your life?

eternal torture in hell after you die