2.1 food & nutients

• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 2

Unit 2 Nutrition and digestion

start task

copy the subject + learning objectives from page 88.

schedule

- overview of chapter + next test          5

- theory: Food + nutrients                      20

- assignments                                              10

- closure                                                            2

 

overview

note in zuidschrift:

next test: in test week

Theme 2, bs1 - bs6.

learning objective

• You can name the functions of nutrients in foods.
• You know 6 groups of nutrients with their functions.

Nutrients: usable components in food

Dietary fibre: are indigestible parts of the plants 

vegetable products

Animal products

Foodstuffs

Function of Nutrients

• Building material: grow/develop/repair
• Fuels: by combustion in cells to provide energy
• Reserves: to store up
• protection: to stay healty  

6 groups of nutrients.

carbohydrates

fats

proteins

minerals

vitamins

Water

Carbohydrates

• includes: glucose, sugars, starch, glycogen
• primary used as fuel
• also: building material and reserves
• glucose high: converted into glycogen                                                                           and stored in liver and muscles.
• glucose drops: glycogeen converted into  glucose and released into the bloodstream

fats

• primarily used as fuel 
• also as buildingblock or reserves
• reserves are stored beneath your skin
• the subcutaneous fatlayer becomes                                                     thicker.
• we mostly eat more fat than we need

Proteins

• Important buildingblocks: 
• also: fuel
  
• Which foodstuffs contain proteins?
• beans, yoghurt, cheese, eggs, red meat, chicken, fish, tofu 

Water

• Building material!
• Your body is made up of 60% water
• has a key role in transporting substances around your body
• most substances can be only transported properly if they are dissolved  

Minerals (or salts)

- Buildingblocks. Like calcium for strong bones

- also protective substances

Vitamins

• building material and protection
• prevent illness
• (but consuming large quantities can be harmful)

-A: producing skin and seeing well

-B12: Red bloodcells

-C: defense / immunity

-D: Strong bones

(dietary) fibre

- Fibres belong to carbohydrates.

- We CANNOT DIGEST them and therefore 

   excrete them.

- FUNCTION:

  + Ensure good bowel function,

  + Give a feeling of fullness (feeling that you're full),

  + Reduce the risk of heart disease, diabetes, and colon cancer.

- Found in, for example, vegetables, fruit, whole grain products, legumes, and nuts.

Notes: functions of nutrients

Process the material

Do assignments 1, 2, 3, 7, 9, 10, 11 (pg. 92-96)

Use text from pg. 88 to 91.

Drag the nutrient functions to the correct description

Protect you against pathogens.

for energy

Are stored in your body.

Ensure recovery from injuries

protective substances

fuels

reserves

builing material

fats

proteins

carbs

Water

Minerals

Vitamins

2.2 the digestive system

digestive system

excists of an intestinal tract

to let nutriens be absorbed into the bloodtream

glucose, minerals, vitamines, water

proteins, carbohydrates, vets have to be digested first

digestion =  converting products to be able to absorb into the bloodstream

The route through the digestive tract:

1. oral cavity                            tongue and salivary glands
2. oesophagus
3. stomach
4. duodenum                         gall bladder, liver and pancreas
5. small intestines
6. large intestines                 appendix
7. rectum
8. anus

Enzymes

Peritalsis & peristaltic movement

What to do in class

• Make a summary of 2.1; including a table nutrients/function
• Make the exercises of 2.1

Homework next week: summary 2.1 

Today

• Discuss 2.3 Healthy food 
• Add your foodlist in the website or app; see page 40 exercise 2 of your workbook
• Make a food advice for your neighbour in his or her notebook
• Check and correct your work 2.1 and 2.2
• Did you make a summary of 2.3?
• Make the exercises of 2.3

2.3 the digestive organs 

the oral cavity, pharynx and oesophagus

what are the names of the glands together? what do they do?

• salvary glands produces salvia: containing water, enzymes and mucus

stomach

• circular + longitudinal muscle for constantly movement
• pyloric sphincter is a circular muscle who close off the stomach
• the gastric gland produces gastric juices: containing: water, enzymes to digest proteins and hydrochloric acid to kill germs  

• liver produces bile (gal)
• bile is temporarily stored in the gall bladder
• bile passes through the bile duct when necessary
• bile emulsifies fats to make it easier for enzymes to digest.

• The wall of the intestines contains intestinal glands. They produce intestinal juice.
• various enzymes digest carbohydrates, fats and proteins
• the wall is convoluted, the intestinal folds in turn have protrusions called intestinal villi. 
  
• the wall of the intestinal villi is very thin. nutrients can pass easily 

• direct after the small intestines the caecum. (blinde darm). 
• the protrusion is called the appendix.
• inflamed in appendicitis; the appendix will be surgically removed. 
• In the large intestine water is extracted from the pulp. 
• If not -> Diarrhea
• Only undigested residues left over
• Bacteria are able to digest some cellulose and turn is into glucose
• glucose is absorbed into the bloodstream.  
  

2.4 Healty food

• What  is the basis for healty eating?
• The basic for healty nutrition is variation
• Also the food has to be safe. Not contaminated with germs. 
• Food poisoning: germs, bacteria, chemicals

• omega 3 for your health
• containing harmful substances because of environmental pollution.
• Seespiracy: 2021 netflix 

Advice for healty eating

• Wheel of five: each part for                                                                     daily basis
• saturated fats: animal fat
• unsaturated fats: fish and                                                                           vegetable oil