Intro WW1

• History
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 3

Age 9: The Time of World Wars

1900 - 1950

1. WW1  and  the Interbellum
   
2. Totalitarian ideologies: communism, fascism and National-Socialism
3. WW2 and the occupation of the Netherlands
4. Racism and discimination leading to genocide in the Holocaust

The Armed Peace

• The world around 1900: the Belle Epoch (the beautiful age)
• New inventions: radio, film, airplane, car
• Rivalry between European countries, leading to 2 Alliances:

                            - The Allies: Britain, France, Russia
                            - The Centrals: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey

Causes of WW1

• militarism, alliances, imperialism, nationalism+economic
• The Balkans: the powder keg of Europe
• Germany’s plan of war: the Schlieffenplan.

New technology around 1900

radio 1895

car 1897

airplane 1903

film 1895

color photography 1907

Constructing the Eiffel Tower (1887)

The Belle Époque

Factory around 1900

Humiliating the French in 1871:

German emperor Wilhelm I is crowned 

in the French palace of Versailles...

"The Scramble for Africa" was the occupation and colonization of the African continent by the major European powers between 1880 and 1914.

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World War 1 (1914 - 1918)

also known as The Great war

The Two alliances:

1 The Allies (UK, France, Russia)

2 The Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey, Bulgaria)

Let's look at their concerns and ambitions

Causes and the Direct Cause of WW1

Causes: = oorzaken

more than one, can even be further back in time

Direct Cause = aanleiding

only one, the trigger

Causes and the Direct Cause of WW1

M = Militarism (+ arms race)

A = Alliances

I = Imperialism

N = Nationalism

E=Economic competition

MAIN

Politicians at the time called this system of alliances the "Balance of Power"

They believed that the size and power of the two alliances would prevent either side from starting a war

Nation, state, nationalism, ethnic group

• a nation (volk) is a group of people that feel connected because they share the same language, religion, history, culture.
  
• examples: The Dutch, The Spanish, Turks, Poles, Chinese etc.
  

• a state is the territory (with boundaries, infrastructure and a government) in which a nation lives.
  
• examples: The Netherlands, Spain, Turkey, Poland etc.

Nation, state, nationalism, ethnic group

• Nationalism: a strong love for one's own nation. The feeling that one's own nation is the best. 

• nationality: the status of belonging to a particular nation by birth or naturalization.

• Ethnic group : a group of the population that, in a larger society, is set apart and bound together because they share race, language, nationality, or culture.
  

Austria-Hungary: multi ethnic state

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