YR2-CH18-LSN5

• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 2

LESSON 5

TODAY:

• SIGN UP KERBOODLE
• SIGN UP QUIZLET
• HOW DID THE HW GO?
• WORKING ON ASSIGNMENTS
• DISCUSSING ASSIGNMENTS

KERBOODLE:

• CLICK THE LINK: www.kerboodle.com
• LOGIN IS YOUR STUDENT NUMBER
• CHOOSE "TROUBLE LOGGING IN" 
• USE YOUR SCHOOL EMAIL AND CHOOSE "RESET PASSWORD"
• SET A NEW PASSWORD
• INSTITUTION CODE: LDU2

QUIZLET:

• GO TO THE GOOGLE CLASSROOM
• GO TO THE UPDATES TAB
• CLICK ON THE INVITE LINK TO GET ACCESS TO THE QUIZLET CLASSROOM

LESSON 5: COMMUNITY ECOLOGY

Picture 1

a species of bird fills the niche of 'insect eater'

the niche is not entirely filled: there is room for more.

another species is introduced into the ecosystem resulting in...

COMPETITION

LESSON 5: COMMUNITY ECOLOGY

INTRAspecific competition

competition between members of the same species

INTERspecific competition

competition between members of the different species

For what factors could two species of plants compete with each other?

LESSON 5: COMMUNITY ECOLOGY

Picture 2

the new red species is better adapted to the niche of 'insect eater' than the yellow species.

What happens next?

Picture 2

the new red species is better adapted to the niche of 'insect eater' than the yellow species.

What happens next?

1. The yellow species will see exponential growth
2. The red species will outcompete the yellow species
3. The red species will become extinct

give the definition of 'outcompeting'

LESSON 5: COMMUNITY ECOLOGY

Picture 3

for the yellow species to survive it must adapt its strategy

It takes on a new niche: insect-eater in the top and bottom of the tree

But what if there is no other niche?

But what if there is no other niche?

LESSON 5: COMMUNITY ECOLOGY

COMPETITION EXCLUSION PRINCIPLE

If two species will fill the same niche:

- the better-adapted species outcompetes the other

- the lesser-adapted species either:

- adapts to fill another niche

- or gets extinct

LESSON 5: COMMUNITY ECOLOGY

SYMBIOSIS

long term cooperation between two different species

Mutualism: +/+

Commensalism: +/0

Parasitism: +/-

Assignments on classroom

first 15 minutes in silence

Assignments on classroom:

"Ecology lesson 5"

ANSWERS

Assignment 1 - R:

__FALSE___ 1. Symbiosis is always a positive thing.

__FALSE___ 2. Competitors compete by eating each other.

__FALSE___ 3. Fleas on a dog are an example of mutualism.

__FALSE___ 4. Competitors are always of the same species.

__FALSE___ 5. With commensalism both organisms benefit from the relationship.

__TRUE___ 6. Predators are heterotrophic organisms.

__TRUE___ 7. Pests can strongly influence population numbers of other organisms.

__TRUE__ 8. The amount of predators in an area can be seen as a limiting factor.

__TRUE___ 9. The amount of competitors in an area can be seen as a limiting factor.

__TRUE___ 10. Bees and flowers are an example of mutualism.

Assignment 2 - T1:

Beside you can see an image of a predator-prey cycle. Match the correct sentences below with the correct numbers in the box so that you form a complete cycle:

1. initial numbers of predators and prey
2. prey reproduce: prey numbers increase
3. increased rate of predation: predators reproduce, their numbers increase
4. prey numbers start to decrease because of predation, predators start to starve
5. few predators remains, rate predation has reduced

Assignment 3 - T2:

This image shows a relationship between a rhino and a bird. The bird cleans bugs off of the rhino's skin and the bird has a constant food supply and they are safer. What type of relationship is this? Please explain your answer.

• THIS IS AN EXAMPLE MUTUALISM, BOTH THE BIRDS AND THE RHINO BENEFIT FROM THIS RELATIONSHIP.

Assignment 3 - T2:

In this symbiotic relationship, the clownfish feeds on small invertebrates that otherwise have potential to harm the sea anemone, and the fecal matter from the clownfish provides nutrients to the sea anemone. The clownfish also emits a high pitched sound that deters butterfly fish, which would otherwise eat the anemone. What type of symbiosis is this? Please explain your answer.

• THIS IS AN EXAMPLE MUTUALISM, BOTH THE ANEMONE AND THE CLOWN FISH BENEFIT FROM THIS RELATIONSHIP.

Assignment 3 - T2:

The Tomato Hornworm and the Wasp have a very interesting symbiotic relationship. The wasps lay their eggs inside the Hornworm where they will hatch and begin to feed on the insides of the caterpillar. When they mature, they spin cocoons on the Hornworms back, where they will become adult wasps when they hatch. Thus, the Tomato Hornworm is eaten alive, while the wasps are getting many meals from the worm itself. What type of symbiosis is this? Please explain your answer.

• THIS IS AN EXAMPLE PARASITISM, THE WASP BENEFITS FROM THE RELATIONSHIP BUT THE WORM SUFFERS.

Assignment 3 - T2:

The butterflies are important for many types of flowers, because they take care of pollination. They have the same role as bees. In areas where butterflies disappeared, the pollination of flowers must be made manually. The butterflies benefit from flowers as their shelter or as a source of food, while for flowers, this relationship means that the reproduction substances and seeds are carried around, helping the perpetuation of the species. What type of symbiosis is this? Please explain your answer. 

• THIS IS AN EXAMPLE MUTUALISM, BOTH THE BUTTERFLY AND THE FLOWER BENEFIT FROM THIS RELATIONSHIP.

Assignment 4 - I:

This graph shows the snowshoe hare and lynx population in an area between 1880 and 1905. The snowshoe hare population influences the lynx population because it is a prey animal. 

a. What is the correct term for something that influences a population's size? LIMITING FACTOR 

b. What was the highest amount of snowshoe hares caught before the 1900's?  140.000 SNOWSHOE HARES

c. What is the predator and what is the prey in this graph?

PREDATOR - LYNX

PREY - SNOWSHOE HARE

Assignment 4 - I:

This diagram shows the populations of duck, deer, pheasants and rabbits within an ecosystem. 

A. Why would the population grow so explosively in the spring? BECAUSE OF A HIGH BIRTH RATE

B. Which of these animals are predators? NONE

C. How could these animals possibly compete with each other? 

THEY COMPETE FOR THE SAME FOOD: THEY ALL EAT GRASS, 

THEY ALL LIVE WITHIN THE SAME ECOSYSTEM: THEY COULD BE COMPETING FOR SPACE.

Assignment 4 - I:

Beside you can see a graph that covers the moose and wolf population in a nature reserve in North America from 1955 to 1995. 

A. In the last 50 years a ban on hunting wolves was lifted, what effects do you see on the wolf population? 

THE WOLF NUMBERS DROPPED SIGNIFICANTLY

B. What effects do you see on the moose population?

THE MOOSE NUMBERS WENT UP BECAUSE THERE WERE A LOT LESS WOLVES (PREDATORS) TO HUNT THEM SO MORE MOOSE SURVIVED.

C. From roughly 1974 to 1983 there were more wolves than moose, how do you think wolves could have survived?

THEY FOUND A DIFFERENT FOOD SUPPLY TO BE ABLE TO SURVIVE.

Assignment 4 - I:

Biological control reduces the population of a pest. But sometimes it has unexpected results. For example, the Australian government introduced the Hawaiian cane toad to control the population of the cane beetle, a pest that damaged sugar cane crops. However, it has had little effect on the cane beetle population. Instead, the cane toads have reproduced rapidly and spread across the north east of the country in record time. They are poisonous to everything and they have caused reductions in the numbers of native toad populations. How could the cane toad population grow so rapidly without really affecting the beetle population? Explain your answer please! 

• THEY MOST LIKELY FOUND ANOTHER FOOD SUPPLY WHICH MEANS THE CANE BEETLE POPULATION DID NOT GET AFFECTED.

HW FOR LESSON 4

WORK THROUGH THE PRESENTATION ON LESSONUP CALLED:

YR2-CH18-HW6