week 9

• Geschiedenis
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 3

Program

1. Repetition of 4.1 and 4.2

2. Start 4.3: Revolution in France

Goals for today

At the end of this lesson you are able to:

1. You can explain wat the 'estate system' is and which privileges belong to each estate.

2. You can name the moment where Franse became a constitutional monarchy.

3. You can put the following events in chronological order.

States-General is summoned, calling out of the National Assembly, Storming of the Bastille, France becoming a constitutional monarchy and France becoming a republic. 

Repetition 

1. Make the questions shown on the board.

2.Work togheter in pairs and write your answers in your notebook 

3. You can not use your book

4. You have 10 minutes to prepare your answers

5. When you're done, put your hand up to let me know

Repetitive questions

1. How did the the Englightenment influence ideas about politics?

2. Write down two privileges of the first and second estate.

3. Explain what the statement 'No taxation without representation' is about.

4. What was so special about the American Revolution?

1. How did the the Englightenment influence ideas about politics?

The followers of the Enlightenment were optimistic, by rational thinking they thought they could improve society.

The ideas about Absolutism changed. 
Before it was thought that the king got his power directly from God.

But now..

- John Locke: Social contract between the people and the government/king

- Charles montesquieu: The seperation of powers

Write down two privileges of
the first and second estate.

1- They did not have to pay taxes

2. Only the second estate (noblemen) were allowed to become officers in the army

Explain what the statement 'No taxation without representation' is about.

This statement is about the start of the American Revolution.

Britain levied new taxes which led to protests.

The colonists in America did not want to pay taxes if the were not represented in the British Parliament. 

The conflict escalated when the Brits passed a law that regulated the sale of tea in America. >> Boston Tea Party

What was so special about the American Revolution?

It was a democratic revolution, and the first in history.

What started with discontent about the new taxes led to the American war of Independence. 

Also the revolution led to the first democratic constitution in history, in which the ideas of Montesquieu are easy to recognise

4.3 : Revolution in France

An empty treasury

Expensive wars led to immense debt for France.

King Louis XVI summoned the States-General (Staten-Generaal)

to find a way to pay off the debt via taxing the first and second estate. 

-> Estate system privileges 

An empty treasury

1789: States-General comes together in Versailles.
Disagreement about the way of voting

The thirt estate declares themselves the National Assembly (Nationale Vergadering), they now represent the French peopl

Tennis court oath (eed op de kaatsbaan)

>> to write a constitution 

Louis XVI sents his army and riots break out in Paris

14th of July 1789: Storming of the Bastille

Revolution

The National Assembly abolished all privileges of the 1st and 2nd estate. 

In september 1791 the constitution (grondwet) was completed

France became a constitutional monarchy (constitutionele monarchie)

>> What does this mean?

Elections

Only rich citizens could vote > First parliament was very moderate (gematigd). They wanted to uphold the monarchy.

After the universal male suffrage (algemeen kiesrecht) the radicals (radicalen) had the majority (meerderheid) in Parliament

Radicals and Terror

The radical parliament sentenced Louis XVI to death > Guillotine

The radicals fanatically searched for enemies of the revolution

- Special courts for traitors: Tribunals (tribunaal, rechtbank)

   >> Guillotine: 70 people a day in Paris alone

The radical leader Robespierre began an

reign of terror (Terreurbewind) 

> Result: many people died or feared for

their lives

Facial reconstruction of Robespierres face

For next week..

Paragraph 4.3:
make assignments 1 - 7

Also! 
Make a comparison between the American and the French Revolution. What are differences and what are the similarities?

<500 words