Renaissance lesson 1: Kings and Queens

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 5

renaissance

King Henry VIII (8)

Tudor dynasty (1485-1603)

Another contestant to the throne Mary, Queen of Scots (great-granddaughter of Henry VII)

War of roses

1455 - 1485

Henry Tudor 

(Henry 7) 

& 

Elisabeth of York

Red rose of house Lancaster

White rose of house York

Arthur died. 

So Henry became king.

King Henry married his brother´s widow. 

They were married for .. years.

Catherine miscarried a lot of times. 

Only one daughter survived: Mary. 

Catherine couldn't get pregnant anymore. 

So Henry decided to marry Ann. 

dynasty

Henry VIII 

Married 6 times 

3 children

Was convinced he needed a male heir to secure prosperity for the kingdom. 

Even split from the church of England because of this. 

Married Catherine of Aragon (dead brother's - Arthur wife but marriage was never consummated so Pope annulled the marriage and therefore Henry could marry her). 

She only gave him a girl so he wanted to annul the marriage on the grounds that Catherine and Arthur had consummated their marriage. Pope refused. Henry angry. Split from the church and appointed himself head of the church of England. Wanted to remain catholic put protestant influences seeped through and the Church of England became a protestant church.

Henry died in 1547 and was succeeded by his son (9 years old) Edward VI

reformation

Act of supremacy

02:07

Mary: 

• Spain = ally
• short reign
• Catholic
• Bloody
• The first female monarch of Britain

Elizabeth

• protestant
• Spain = enemy
• long reign
• Protestant
• The Virgin Queen

Burned portestants for Heresy (around 300 people)

She wasn't the only one though, Henry VIII also did it and Elizabeth I as well. She's most known for it because she prosecuted and killed the 'wrong' religious people --> protestants. 

01:07

King 

Edward VI

Queen Mary 1

Queen Elizabeth 1

protestant

Catholic

mother = Katherine of Aragon

mother = Anne Boleyn

mother = Jane Seymour

02:43

Which is NOT true?

1. Mary was Elizabeth's aunt.
2. Mary was the nearest heir.
3. Elizabeth had Mary executed for treason .
4. Mary was Queen of Scotland.

03:12

Why was the defeat of the Spanish Armada good news for Elizabeth?

Arthur died. 

So Henry became king.

King Henry married his brother´s widow. 

They were married for .. years.

Catherine miscarried a lot of times. 

Only one daughter survived: Mary. 

Catherine couldn't get pregnant anymore. 

So Henry decided to marry Ann. 

dynasty

Henry VIII 

Married 6 times 

3 children

Was convinced he needed a male heir to secure prosperity for the kingdom. 

Even split from the church of England because of this. 

Married Catherine of Aragon (dead brother's - Arthur wife but marriage was never consummated so Pope annulled the marriage and therefore Henry could marry her). 

She only gave him a girl so he wanted to annul the marriage on the grounds that Catherine and Arthur had consummated their marriage. Pope refused. Henry angry. Split from the church and appointed himself head of the church of England. Wanted to remain catholic put protestant influences seeped through and the Church of England became a protestant church.

Henry died in 1547 and was succeeded by his son (9 years old) Edward VI

02:07

Mary

Elizabeth

bloody

Catholic

Protestant

Virgin Queen

First Female monarch of Britain

Spain = ally

Spain = enemy

short reign

long reign

06:09

Queen Mary
What have you learned so far?

14:53

Mary was excecuted because:

1. Henry wanted to marry someone else.
2. She was accused of being a witch because she had 6 fingers.
3. She was intervening in politics.
4. She was cheating when playing cards.

King Edward VI

• crowned aged 9
• protestant
• died at the age of 15
• appointed his cousin Lady Jane Grey as his heir
• mother = Jane Seymour

heir (at law)

(Bloody) Mary I

• Catholic
• Tried to turn reformation around. Burned many Protestants at the stake.
• Married the Spanish King
• Died after 5 years on the throne.

Elizabeth I

• Imprisoned by her sister Mary I
• Armada = Evidence of God favouring Elizabeth 
• Protestant rule in England
• 44 year reign  (1558-1603)
• Never married - The Virgin Queen
• She wasn't perfect (no religious tolerance, strict censorship, court culture)

The victory on the Armada was seen as proof that God favoured Elizabeth and therefore Protestantism in England. 
Defeat of the Armada boosted self-confidence and patriotism

Elizabeth reigned for 44 years.

The Virgin Queen - never married - she was married to England. Never married because she had to 'listen' to her husband if she were. She maybe saw how her father had treated his wives and never wished to be one. Although there were many rumours. She never married or had any illegitimate children. 

Stability lead to a cultural flourishing in the theatres but also numerous paintings and poems were created. Some important names are:  Nicholas Hilliard (painter), William Byrd (musician, Francis Bacon (philosopher), Marlowe, Spenser, Shakespeare. 

Elizabethan  period

Shakespeare

Golden Age

Colonies

Historically, the Commonwealth was an evolutionary outgrowth of the British Empire. The traditional British policy of allowing considerable self-government in its colonies led to the existence by the 19th century of several dependent states that were populated to a significant degree by Europeans accustomed to forms of parliamentary rule and that possessed large measures of sovereignty. 

Mary Queen of Scots

Another contestant for the throne, Mary Stuart, granddaughter of Elizabeth's aunt Margaret and James IV (King of Scotland).

Mary tried to seize the English throne with help from France.

Elizabeth, of course, didn't want Mary to claim the throne and Mary's unwise marital (married crown prince of France) and political actions provoked rebellion among the Scottish nobles, forcing her to flee to England (she was a Roman catholic whilst Scotland and its nobles had turned protestant), where she was eventually beheaded as a Roman Catholic threat to the English throne.

Those Roman Catholics who considered Elizabeth illegitimate because they regarded Henry VIII’s divorce from Catherine of Aragon and his marriage to Anne Boleyn invalid even looked upon Mary as the lawful queen. 

James I of England

 =James VI of Scotland

• House of Stuart
• Witch-hunting
  

   (James's obsession)

• Gunpowder plot by Catholics

The victory on the Armada was seen as proof that God favoured Elizabeth and therefore Protestantism in England. 
Defeat of the Armada boosted self-confidence and patriotism

Elizabeth reigned for 44 years.

The Virgin Queen - never married - she was married to England. Never married because she had to 'listen' to her husband if she were. She maybe saw how her father had treated his wives and never wished to be one. Although there were many rumours. She never married or had any illegitimate children. 

Stability lead to a cultural flourishing in the theatres but also numerous paintings and poems were created. Some important names are:  Nicholas Hilliard (painter), William Byrd (musician, Francis Bacon (philosopher), Marlowe, Spenser, Shakespeare. 

King James I