1.3 Development at different speeds

• Aardrijkskunde
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 3

What are we going to do today?

Recap 1.2 Development of the world economy

Instruction 1.3 Development at different speeds

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Recap 1.2

Which phases in the development of the global economy can be distinguished?

How does a trade war threaten globalisation?

Check the homework

Section 1.2: 1, 2a, 2c – 2e, 5

Colonial relationships (1500 - 1945)

European colonialism:
1500 – 1800: trade colonialism
1800 – 1950: industrial colonialism

In what areas did a former colonizing country strengthen its grip on the colony?

• education, administration, trade and culture

On the way to independence

What developments took place after 1945?

• decolonisation
• Cold War

The Cold War resulted in a new grouping of the world:

•     Western countries
•     Communist countries
•     Developing countries

Free trade changes (after 1990)

In which year did the Soviet Union break up?

• 1990

Which economic system has become the most important system in the world?

• free market economy

What are the characteristics of a free market economy?

• free entrepreneurship
• price is determined by supply and demand

Rich and poor

Why are some countries rich and others poor?

• internal causes
• external causes

When many negative factors coexist in one country, the risk of poverty is ...?

Rich and poor

Why are some countries rich and others poor?

• internal causes
• external causes

When many negative factors coexist in one country, the risk of poverty is greater.

Internal causes: natural

What natural features increase a country's development prospects?

• fertile ground
• not too mountainous
• sufficient precipitation
• has natural resources
• located by the sea (not landlocked)

Internal causes: human-political

In LEDCs:

• little or no democracy
• corruption
• favouritism

Internal causes: human-political

What are the characteristics of political governance in MEDCs?

• democratic constitutional state
• entrepreneurship stimulated
• private property protected
• basic facilities provided
• everyone has a chance to get richer

What about China?

China is an exception, it is undemocratic and well developed.

Internal causes: human-population

Characteristics of the population in a number of countries.
Fill in: increasing or decreasing

The worldwide birth rate is ..

In LEDCs the birth rate is ..
In MEDCs the population ageing is ..

Internal causes: human-population

Characteristics of the population in a number of countries.

The worldwide birth rate is decreasing.

In LEDCs the birth rate is increasing.
In MEDCs the population ageing is increasing.

What is the disadvantage of a high
birth rate?

• GDP must be shared between more people.

Internal causes: human-population

What age structure is ideal for a country?

• A large, young population group with a good education.

Why is this beneficial for a country?

• The young people make an important contribution to the development of the country.

What is an important condition for development within a country?

• There must be enough work.

Differences in prosperity can also arise within countries.

Internal causes: human-inequality

Why does inequality within a country increase when it develops economically?

• Some areas and people are benefiting more from growing prosperity.

Social inequality is measured using the Gini coefficient. Gini = 0 (equal). Gini = 1 (most unequal)

High inequality combined with a shortage of work can lead to unrest in a country.

External causes: colonial past

Which colonies are rich countries and produce high-quality products?

• The USA and Australia

What type of colony were the USA and Australia?

• settlement colonies

Many LEDCs were once exploitation colonies.

To do

Section 1.3 exercise 2, 3

Finished early? Write down your answers to the first two learning objectives of 1.3 and read 'External causes' on page 13 of the textbook.

Done? Improve your skills!

Page 6 and 7 of your workbook.

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1.3 Development at different speeds

Homework: