V6 P2 W4 Victorian Age

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 6

Basic rules

• We do our work when we should
• We are silent during explanations and raise our hands for questions
• Our phone is in our "zakkie" on the corner of our table
• We don't eat, drink, or chew gum in class

learning goals

I know the basics about the cultural and historical context of the Victorian Age.

I can recognise the influence of this context in literary works from this period.

The Victorian Age 

1830-1900

The Victorian Age 

• Started around 1830 ended in early 20th century
• Named after Queen Victoria (1837 - 1901)
• Britain: great economic and political power
• "The empire on which the sun never set"

General introduction

• Enormous changes occured in political and social life in England
• The scientific and technical innovations of the Industrial Revolution, the emergence of modern nationalism, and the European colonization of much of Africa, the Middle East, and the Far East changed most of Europe
  
• Far-reaching new ideas created the greatest outpouring of literary works the world has ever seen

Queen Victoria (1819-1901)  Reign: 1837-1901

• She had the longest reign in British history after Queen Elizabeth II.
  
• Became queen at the age of 18;
  
• Queen Victoria restored people’s faith in the monarchy again after a series of horrible leaders
  
• 1840-Victoria married a German prince, Albert, who became Prince-consort
  
• After he died in 1861, she sank into a deep depression and wore black every day for the rest of her life
  

Young Victoria

Elderly Victoria

The British Empire

where the sun never sets

• England grew to become the greatest nation on earth
  
• Empire included Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Hong Kong, Singapore, South Africa, Kenya, and India
  
• England built a very large navy and merchant fleet (for trade and colonization)
  
• "the white man's burden" 

The Victorian Age

• Scientific discovery and progress

• Growing uncertainty and intellectual doubt"
• Religious beliefs vs scientific evidence
• Discovery of fossils
• Theory of evolution 

Gender

Class

'separate spheres'

men: public

women: private

Industrial growth

Changes Victorian era

• industrialization 
• scientific inventions 
• transport 

Downsides of the uprise of industry

• population increase 
• Search for employment
  
• Child Labour & Child crime
• Housing shortage
  
• Slum housing
  
• Poor sanitary conditions
  
• Destitution
  
• Homeless children
  
• Workhouses
  

The Great Exhibition

How do we see this context in literature?

Victorian literature - Poetry

• A continuation of the Romantic period
• Themes: nature  / the past / the human spirit

• Important poets:

1. Alfred, Lord Tennyson (1809 - 1892)
2. Robert Browning (1812 - 1889)

Victorian literature - the novel

• The age of the novel
• Growing audience for "true stories"
• Greater wealth (rise of the middle classes)
• Better education (rise in literacy)
• Instalment system (novels published in serial form)

Characteristics

• moral purpose
• idealism/ideal life
• pessimism
• visually descriptive
• dramatic monologue
• takes inspiration from renaissance

Characteristics continued

- realism (daily life)

- entertainment

- industrialization

- class

- nostalgia

- utilitarianism

- progress

'What makes the most people the most happy'

Bildungsroman

A Bildungsroman is a literary term describing a formative novel about a protagonist’s psychological and moral growth from their youth into adulthood. Bildungsroman novels are generally written in the first-person and often feature the name of the protagonist directly in the title, such as Emma, Jane Eyre, and David Copperfield.

The Bildungsroman literary genre originated in Germany. The German word “bildung” means education” and the German word “roman” means “novel.” Thus, “Bildungsroman” translates to “a novel of education” or “a novel of formation.”

Gothic novel

The adjective gothic describes something that is characterized by mystery, horror, and gloom — especially in literature. Gothic literature combines the genres of romance and horror. Some famous writers of Gothic fiction include Charlotte Bronte, Mary Shelley and Edgar Allan Poe.

Oscar Wilde

• Born in Ireland
• Playwright, poet and writer
• Homosexual
• Imprisonment
• The Importance of Being Earnest 

relevance victorian literature

• the beginning of science fiction
•  change from romance to realism