Recap chapter 3

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CHAPTER 3 - Chile recap

Put the descriptions in the right place

Mantle

Magma

Plates

Core

Convection current

Lava

Thick layer under the earth's crust, consisting of hot rock.

Hot, liquid rock in the Earth's mantle. The same as lava, but underground.

Pieces of crust on which the continents and oceans lie.

Earth's interior: a large iron ball of more than five thousand degrees Celsius.

The driving force behind plate tectonics: warm magma rises, hits the earth's crust and flows sideways.

Liquid rock that comes out of the earth.

The Earth

- The inner core is solid and very hot (5200-6200 degrees).

- The outer core is liquid. 

- The mantle is the thickest layer and this layer is solid, but can actually move over very long periods of time. 

- The crust is solid.  

What isn't a direct consequence of plate tectonics?

1. Tsunami
2. Earthquake
3. Hurricane
4. Volcanic eruption

What is the driving force behind plate tectonics?

1. Convectioncurrents
2. Sea
3. Mantle
4. Lava

Convection current

=  the flow of molten rock under the earths crust.

What natural disasters are common around the ring of fire?

1. Earthquakes - Hurricanes
2. Volcanoes - Hurricanes
3. Earthquakes - Volcanoes
4. Floods - Hurricanes

Magma

Volcanism

Subduction

Trench

oceanic plate

Continental plate

By subduction:

1. Earth's crust is added
2. earth's crust dissapears

Tectonic plate types

Two different plate types: 

- Oceanic plates

- Continental plates

How do we call this type of tectonic movement?

1. Subduction
2. Divergent
3. Convergent
4. Transform

How do we call this type of tectonic movement?

1. Subduction
2. Divergent
3. Convergent
4. Transform

How do we call this type of tectonic movement?

1. Subduction
2. Divergent
3. Convergent
4. Transform

Earthquakes

Earthquakes

Volcanoes

Volcanoes

Tsunami

Trench (kloof)

Mountains

You can name the 3 types of movements tectonic plates can make (GG 68).

Hypocentre

Epicentre

You can explain the words epicentre, hypocentre 

and seismic gap in your own words.

                                           (GG 73 + Coursebook)

What causes earthquakes in Chile?

1. Convergent tectonic movement
2. Divergent tectonic movement
3. Transform tectonic movement
4. Subduction

Young mountain range

Old mountain range

Place the items in with young or old mountain range

High mountain range

Low mountain range

Sharp peaks

Rounded peaks

Young mountains

Old mountain range

Perpetual snow

Young mountain range

• Young mountain ranges are high and have steep sloped, sharp peaks and deep valleys. 
• Old mountains ranges are much lower and have smooth slopes and round tops. 
• This is caused by exogenic forces: weathering and erosion. 

What are the characteristics of a Stratovolcano? 7 in total!

Stratovolcano 

• Explosive 
  
• Steep slopes
  
• Subduction zone

A volcano that formes at divergent plates is an explosive volcano

1. true
2. false

A stratovolcano is an effusive volcano

1. true
2. false

Hot spots occur

1. divergent platemovement
2. Subduction
3. transform platemovement
4. in the middle of the plate

Caldeira

Shieldvolcano

Stratovolcano

Hotspot

Look at the image. It shows the rock cycle. Combine the numbers with the correct description of what can be found there.

Igneous rock

Metamorphic rock

Sedimentary rock

Weathering and erosion

Magma

1

2

3

4

5

What best defines the process of weathering?

1. Rock is changed due to heat and pressure.
2. Sedimentary rock is broken into smaller rocks.
3. Sediments are moved after they have been formed.
4. Over time larger rocks are broken into sediments.

What factors influence climate? 

Drag the right answers to the box on the right.

Altitude

Latitude

Longitude

Ocean currents

Hurricanes

Distance from the sea

Prevailing wind

Air pressure 

Precipitation

???

???

??

??

Windwardside

Leeward side

Rainshadow

Relief rainfall

This climate does not exist in Chile

1. continental climate
2. sea climate
3. steppe climate
4. mountaineous climate

Give 3 reasons why the north of Chile is so dry

During El Nino

Dry

Precipitation

El Niño causes droughts in Chile and extreme precipitation in Australia and Indonesia

1. True
2. False

El Niño causes droughts in Chile and extreme precipitation in Australia and Indonesia

1. True
2. False

El Niño happens in the South Pacific ocean but the effects can be seen globally.

1. True
2. False

This picture is made during El Niño. In Peru or Indonesia?

1. Peru
2. Indonesië