Prefix
The most common are
un - (not)
re- (again)
im- (not)
dis- (not)
over/under (too much/too little)
Examples:
unhappy, unacceptable, untie
retake, redo, remember
impossible, immoral
disappear, disappoint
overheat, undermind
Suffix
The most common are
-ful
-less /-ness
-able
-ing / -ed
-ism
-ment
-ly
Examples:
careful, grateful, thankful, delightful
hopeless, fearless, happiness
manageable, likeable
playing, laughing, dancing, happened
racism, socialism, statement, punishment
slowly, quickly, softly, gladly