1.4 The New World

• Geschiedenis
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 2

1.4 The New World

How did Spain change American Society:

-You can explain how the Spanish colonised America

-You can explain how the Spanish treated the indigenous people

-You can explain the transatlantic slavetrade / triangular slave trade

-You can explain the social changes in the Americas

What do we already know about the spanish during the Age of Explorers and reformers?

Name two famous Spanish Conquistadors

By what means were the Spanish able to conquer South America?

1. Forming alliances with enemy tribes of Aztecs
2. Killing the leader of the Incas
3. By superior weaponry and the spreading of deceases
4. because the Spanish culture was superior to that of the Aztec and Incas.

Colonization

After the Spanish conquered parts of the New World they founded colonies there. 

Most successful conquistadors recieved a fief (leengoed) from the Spanish king = encomienda.

The Spanish encomendero was allowed to raise taxes and make the indigenous people work for him, often on haciendas= Spanish large estates or worked in the silvermines. In return the people were protected and instructed in the Catholic faith.

The Spanish government shared in the profits.

The indigenous people payed taxes by working in the mines, they were paid nothing.

treatment of the indigenous people

Indigenous people were treated harshly, the rules to protect them from exploitation weren't enforced properly.

Many died due to mistreatment or diseases.

1542: new laws: Indigenous people became subjects of King Charles V and were no longer abused --> replaced by slaves from Africa ==> Birth of transatlantic or triangular slave trade.

Viewing questions

- What did the ships took with them from Europe to Africa?

- What did the ships took with them from Africa to America?

- What did the ships took with them from America tot Europe?

- Why did they began to use slaves from Africa instead of Indigenous American Slaves?

What did the ships took with them from Europe to Africa

1. Products: Guns, textiles, pottery, metal etc.
2. Slaves
3. Sugar, Silver, Cotton, Tobacco
4. Spices

What did the ships took with them from Africa to America?

1. Products: Guns, textiles, pottery, metal etc.
2. Slaves
3. Sugar, Silver, Cotton, Tobacco
4. Spices

What did the ships took with them from America to Europe?

1. Products: Guns, textiles, pottery, metal etc.
2. Slaves
3. Sugar, Silver, Cotton, Tobacco
4. Spices

Explain why they began to trade slaves from Africa instead of the indigenous American slaves.

What did ships took with them from the Indies to Europe?

Viceroyalties

1550: two viceroyalties were founded by Spain:

1. Viceroyalty of New Spain: Mexico, North America, Caribbean and Philippines.
2. Viceroyalty of Peru: Rest of South America.

Viceroys: 

• Appointed for periods of 6 years.
• high Spanish nobility.

Social changes

Catholicism was spread among the indigenous population. Sometimes local religious traditions blended with Catholicism.

Relations between men and women led to Miscegenation: process of blending of different racial groups.

read: "Social changes": How do you call the children of a African- European couple?

1. Mestizo
2. Mulatto
3. Zambo

Continuity and discontinuity

Continuity: what stays the same.

Discontinuity: what changes.

For instance: After a war:

Discontinuity: borders of a country, new leaders

Continuity: Position of poor people stays as bad as ever

Name a discontinuity for the indigenous people after the Spanish arrival.

What did we learn from this lecture?

How did the spanish change American society?