Chapter 2. The Enlightenment

• Geschiedenis
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 2

2 The Enlightenment

Learning Goal

1. You can give a definition of liberty, equality, absolutism, Droit Divin and separation of powers and explain the difference between them.

Today

• Absolutism and the Enlightenment
• Video about the Enlightenment (Verlichting) Thinkers
• Reading Chapter 2
• Questions 

Enlightenment

• Means 'Verlichting'
• It is a period in time in which people started asking questions about society
• From these ideas came the democracy that we live in!

Before the Enlightenment

What are we looking at here?

Who talks to God?

Why do bad things happen?

Why is the king, the king?

How do doctors make people better?

What is air and space?

Louis XIV (1638-1715)

The Sun King

• During his time, Louis XIV made sure that the King had absolute power over France

Absolutism

• Nobody could speak against an absolute King
• --> Absolutism
• This was due to Droit Divin:
• Divine right to rule (given by God)

• Louis XIV spent 40 years and used over 35,000 workers to build the sickest palace of all time 13 miles away from Paris in Versailles
• The palace had over 700 rooms (and 1 toilet)

Versailles

The Enlightenment
Political Ideas

• Philosophers and other thinkers started to ask questions 
• Not only about the world but also about society, people and God

Video Assignment

• Take a piece of paper
• Watch the video
• Write down all the concepts in the video (liberty, equality etc.)
• Try to write down a definition for each

What does equality mean?

What does liberty mean? What kind of liberty?

Reading!

Read:

• Chapter 2

Mark:

• The most important sentences!

Homework:

• Make exercises 1 up to 5 of chapter 2
  

Done?

• 6 & 7 of chapter 2

In the 17th century, most countries in Europe were what?

1. Republics
2. Monarchies
3. Democracies
4. Dictatorships

The French king Louis XIV succeeded in the mid 17th century to get all the power of the government
in his hands. This is calles what?

1. Absolutism
2. Droit Divin
3. Enlightenment
4. Dictatorship

In the 17th century, people believed that the king had received his power from God. We call this what?

1. Absolutism
2. Droit Divin
3. Enlightenment
4. Estates of the realm

When was the Enlightenment period?

1. 1500-1600
2. 1600-1700
3. 1700-1800
4. 1800-1900

When was the Enlightenment period?

1. 16th century
2. 17th century
3. 18th century
4. 19th century

What was the Enlightenment period?

What were some important Enlightenment ideas? Write down at least 2

Enlightenment Political ideas

• Natural rights

• Liberty

• Equality

• Separation of powers

John Locke:

All people have natural rights that nobody can take away, not even a king.

Natural rights

Example: 

• Every person has a right to live life

Montesquieu

• He is famous for his theory of the Separation of Powers (Trias Politica):
• Power should be split up into three seperate parts, being:
• the legislative (making laws), executive (carrying out the laws) and judicial (providing independent judgement) branch.

website

However....

Why was there still inequality in 18th century Europe?

Get to work!

Read:

• Chapter 2. The Enlightenment

Mark:

• The most important sentences

Homework:

• Make exercises 1 up to 7 of chapter 2

Source Questions

1. Read the question – What are you being asked to do?
2. Is there concept I need to explain? If so, what?
3. The source – who made it, when, how does it link to the concept?
4. Find the important elements of the source that you need to answer the question.

Source Questions

What do I write?

• If necessary, explain the concept
• In the source I can see………………. / In the source I read that…………..
• This shows that………………..because………………

Statement: During the enlightenment scientists began to use a new method which led to many new discoveries. Use this source to explain this new method and why it was so different from previous centuries.

• Read the question – What are you being asked to do?
• Is there concept I need to explain?
  
• The source – who made it, when, how does it link to the concept?
• Find the important elements of the source that you need to answer the question.

Statement: During the enlightenment scientists began to use a new method which led to many new discoveries. Use this source to explain this new method and why it was so different from previous centuries.

• Write your answer:
• If necessary, explain the concept
• In the source I can see………………. / In the source I read that…………..
• This shows that………………..because………………

Write your answer