1.1 Problems in the church lesson vht2 9-2-2023

• Geschiedenis
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 2

Reformation and the Dutch Revolt

Welcome class VHT2A

chapter 1 

What do you still remember from the Middle Ages?

Problems in the church

paragraph 1.1

The church

During the Middle Ages, the church was very rich and powerful. 

Some people criticized this power.  

As a result, they set up the inquisition.
a special court where heretics got judged. 

Criticism

The causes for this criticism were:

1. letters of indulgence 
2. humanism: a movement that places
   humans central in life instead of God. 
3. The invention of the printing press

Martin Luther

One of the critics was called Martin
Luther, a German monk. 

He created a list of 95 things he
thought were wrong within the church
and nailed them on a door on a church
in Germany. 

Martin Luther

Luther believed you should believe according to the text in the Bible, instead of listening to the clergy. This meant that:

1. People should be able to read the Bible themselves: the Bible had to be translated from Latin.  
2. Letters of indulgence should be abolished
3. The pope had to leave

The Reformation

Because of Calvin, the church split into two organisations:

1. The Roman Catholics: people who stayed loyal to the pope
2. The protestants: people who followed Luther

We call this split the Reformation.

Problems in the church

paragraph 1.1

John Calvin

Calvin was another reformer. He thought that sobriety should be the essence of christianity.

Luther	Calvin
You must obey the king	You may revolt to a bad king
If you study the Bible well enough, you will end up in heaven	Predestination: it is already decided if you end up in heaven or not

Consequences reformation

1. Protestants churches arise in Northen Europe
   → Lutherans, calvinists and the Anglican church
2. Kings break with roman catholicism
3. Religious wars in Europe
   → In the Netherlands, the Spanish king Charles V, wanted to prevent that the Netherlands would turn protestant. 

Characteristics protestantism

1. Sober churches without kerken zonder decoration
2. No priests, saints or clergy, only a pastor
3. Work hard and live sober. 
4. Core of the belief is the Bible

Catholic

Protestant

Sober

No decorations

Statues of saints 

Priest

Pastor

Forgiveness of sins via a priest

Direct band with God 

Pastors can marry

Clergy should be celibatory 

Pope

Bible in the language of the people

Bible in Latin

Multiple branches

Who is who?

The King

Governor

Stadholder

Duke of Alva

William of Orange

Philip II

Charles V

Timeline 16th century

______________________________________________________

1500

1600

1566:

Iconoclastic Fury

1517:

Maarten Luther nails his 95 theses to a church

Start of protestantism

1560:

Dissatisfaction in
the NL starts

1568:

The Dutch Revolt starts

1572:

Revolters conquer Den Briel