grammatica uitleg(unit 1)

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 3

grammatica uitleg(unit 1)

When to use the  present perfect?

• Gebruik: We gebruiken de Present Perfect om te praten over acties die in het verleden zijn begonnen en een verbinding hebben met het heden.
  
  
• Structuur: have/has + past participle (voltooid deelwoord)
  
  
• Voorbeelden:
• I have visited London many times. (Het is in het verleden gebeurd, maar het effect of de mogelijkheid blijft aanwezig.)
• She has already finished her homework. (Ze is nu klaar, het resultaat is zichtbaar in het heden.)

When to use the  present perfect continous?

• Gebruik: We gebruiken de Present Perfect Continuous om te praten over acties die in het verleden zijn begonnen en die nog steeds aan de gang zijn, of recent zijn gestopt met een nadruk op de duur of continuïteit van de actie.
  
  
• Structuur: have/has been + verb-ing
  
  
• Voorbeelden:
• I have been studying English for three years. (Het begon in het verleden en gaat nog steeds door.)
• They have been working all day. (De nadruk ligt op hoe lang ze aan het werk zijn.)

Vul de juiste tijd in (Present Perfect of Present Perfect Continuous)

1. I ______ (work) on this project for three hours.
2. They ______ (live) in this city since 2015.
3. She ______ (finish) her homework already.
4. We ______ (wait) for the bus for 20 minutes.
5. He ______ (read) that book three times.

key

1. I have been working on this project for three hours.
2. They have lived in this city since 2015.
3. She has finished her homework already.
4. We have been waiting for the bus for 20 minutes.
5. He has read that book three times.

Zet de zin om naar de present perfect of present perfect continuous

1. She (write) the letter.
2. I (know) him for a long time.
3. They (play) football for two hours.
4. We (not see) this movie before.
5. The kids (study) all afternoon.

Key

1. She has written the letter.
2. I have known him for a long time.
3. They have been playing football for two hours.
4. We haven’t seen this movie before.
5. The kids have been studying all afternoon.

Past Simple

What	Past simple
When	To say that something happened in the past.
How/Form	Add –ed OR an irregular form.
Signal words	Yesterday, last week, last month, two days ago, four days ago, months ago, a second ago, etc.
Examples	He walked her home last night. I talked to him on the phone yesterday. She tried to close her book but a fly got caught in between the pages.

Past simple

Als in het verleden iets gebeurt, gebruik je de past simple 

The past simple eindigt vaak op -ed. 

Bevestigend	Ontkennend	Vragend
I played You played He/she/it played We played They played You played	I did not play You did not play He/she/it did not play We did not play They did not play You did not play	Did I play? Did you play? Did he/she/it play? Did we play? Did they play? Did you play?

Past continuous

It was raining.

(past continuous)

We were singing.

(past continuous)

Past Continuous

Past => 

Continuous => 

Past continuous 

Past Continuous

What	Past continuous
When	Iets heeft een tijdje geduurd: - de lange actie -> past continuous - de korte actie -> past simple
How/Form	was/were + verb + ing
Signal words	when, as, while, always, constantly, forever, all the time, continually
Examples	I was jogging down the street when someone stopped me. I was making dinner when the door opened . When the phone rang , I was doing the dishes.

Past Continuous

Relative Pronouns

Who/which/that/whose/whom

1. Relative Pronouns

(betrekkelijke voornaamwoorden)

who - whom - which - that - whose 

GEBRUIK

Om terug te verwijzen naar iets dat eerder genoemd is in de zin/de tekst.

Who, Whom, Whose, Which, That

Who --> bij mensen

Whom --> bij mensen na to of for

Whose --> bij bezit van een mens/dier/ding

Which --> bij dingen/dieren

That --> bij mensen, dieren of dingen (alleen wanneer er géén komma in de zin staat)

voorbeelden: Who, which, that, whose, whom

1. The girl who helped me with my homework
2. The present which/that I got for my birthday
3. The house,  which was sold last week, is very pretty 
4. The present which/that I got for my birthday
5. The man whose guitar was stolen
6. The woman to whom(formal)/who(informal) John is talking 

Relative Pronouns

who/whom - people

which - animals & things 

Whose- people & things (possessive)

that - people, animals, things

That = More informal than who/which

that -> NEVER between 2 commas

Comparisons