5.3 DNA and genes

• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 2

5.3 DNA and genes

DNA

DO YOU REMEMBER?

nucleotides (base of DNA)

4 different bases (nucleotides)

cytosine

guanine

adenine

thymine

double helix (ladder)

information is stored in code

AATCCGGACGAATTCCGGAAAAAATTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTCGCGCGAATTCATATATATCGGACGGACGAAC etc etc etc it would be a very thick book :-)

GENE: section of DNA with complete code for a protein

proteins

Lots of functions

E.g. enzymes, hormones, antibodies, cell structure

gene = code for 1 protein

Genes determine your characteristics

copying

you start with one fertilised egg with 46 chromosomes...

you end up with billions of cells with the same 46 chromosomes => all of them a copy from the original.....

things can go wrong on the way => mutations (5.5)

from DNA code to proteins

3 bases = 1 amino acid

ACC is code for one type

AAG is code for another

21 different amino acids.

string of amino acids = protein

amino acids -> protein

The molecule
shown in the
picture is called ...

1. DNA
2. single stranded DNA
3. an amino acid
4. a ribosome

This is a picture of ..

1. chromosome
2. gene
3. DNA
4. cell

Below are a few codes with 4 letters.
Which of these codes show a piece ofDNA?

1. ABCDBDCA
2. CAEFEAFC
3. GACTATGC
4. TACDDTAC

What do you call the part of a chromosome that carries the information for 1 heriditary trait?

1. DNA
2. a gene
3. a mother cell
4. an egg cell

Does the information for hereditary traits change when a cell is copied?

1. yes
2. no

this is a picture of ........

1. cell
2. chromosome
3. DNA
4. gene

How many chromosome pairs does Chamaecrista fasciculata have?

(see picture)

1. 8
2. 3
3. 16
4. 20

Wat is genotype or fenotype? move traits A till H to genotype or fenotype. 

Genotype

Fenotype

a small nose

straight hair from birth

Piercings 

painted dark hair

a scar

Wibi can play the piano very well

calluses on your hands

blue eyes

A fruit fly has short wings and cannot fly. This is because of a mutation in chromosome number 2. Are the short wings part of the fly's genotype? And phenotype?

1. Only genotype
2. Only phenotype
3. Part of neither genotype or phenotype
4. Part of both genotype and phenotype

Practice

Read paragraph 5.3

make 5.3 exercises 9-13