Year 2 Period 4 Grammar (Passive voice, reported speech, asking questions, modal verbs)

• Eng
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 2

Year 2 Period 4 Grammar

Grammar P4

- Passive voice

- Asking questions

- Reported speech - What someone said

- Modal verbs (can, could, may, might)

Bookwidgets!

https://www.bookwidgets.com/play/yxs-Hrbs-iQAEKms6QgAAA/MDFCJMZ/recap-grammar-2?teacher_id=4896383530696704

Reported Speech

-> When you want to say what someone else said:

2 options: 

A. John said: 'I think Jack the Ripper was a woman.'

• DIRECT SPEECH

B. John said that he thought Jack the Ripper was a woman.

• REPORTED SPEECH

LOOK AT THE CHANGES:

DIRECT SPEECH:

A. John said: 'I think Jack the Ripper was a woman.'

REPORTED SPEECH:

B. John said (that) he thought Jack the Ripper was a woman.

VERB: from present simple -> past simple

pronouns!! I - he, she, ...

EXERCISE: 

https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/reported_speech/simple_present_sentences.htm

Exercise:

1. “I live in New York”

She said ________________________________________________________

2. “He works in a bank”

She told me _____________________________________________________

3. “Julie doesn’t like going out much”

She said ________________________________________________________

4. “Do you have a computer?”

She asked ________________________________________________________ 

2. PASSIVE VOICE

Write down the title

Active and Passive voice

What is it?

Active: We say WHO did it

The teacher graded the tests.

The result: Now the students know their grades.

Passive: When we do not say who did it

The tests were graded.

The result: Now the students know their grades.

Active: We say WHO did it

Passive: We do not say WHO did it

The result in both sentences is the same!

WHY passive voice?

1. When we do not know WHO did it

My car was stolen yesterday.

2. When it does not matter WHO did it (the activity is more important than the person who did it)

The president was sworn in on a cold January morning.

3. Scientific texts
The rat was placed into a maze.

Exercise: 

Do exercise 1: 

https://agendaweb.org/exercises/verbs/passive-voice/active-passive-2

HOW do we make passive voice?

• Active voice: John woke up Jane.
  
• - 1. See who did it (person) -> John
  
• - 2. What did they do (verb) and in what TENSE -> woke up (past simple)
  
• - 3. What is the object they did it to (a thing, another person…) -> Jane
  
• HOW TO FORM THE PASSIVE VOICE:
  
• - 1. Put the object in the beginning and forget about the person -> Jane
  
• - 2. Add the verb ‘BE’ in the same tense! -> was (past simple)
  
• - 3. Put the verb from the sentence to 3th row (3e rijtje) -> woken up
  
• Passive voice: JANE WAS WOKEN UP (by John)

EXAMPLE SENTENCE

Active: John collects money.

1. See WHO did it: 

JOHN

2. WHAT did he DO (verb) & tense: COLLECTS (present simple!)

3. What is the OBJECT?

MONEY

------

4. Object in the beginning: Money

5. VERB be in present simple: is

6. Verb 3de rijtje: collected

Passive: Money is collected (by John). 

Active: John collected money.

1. See WHO did it: 

JOHN

2. WHAT did he DO (verb) & tense: COLLECTED (past simple!)

3. What is the OBJECT?

MONEY

------

4. Object in the beginning: Money

5. VERB be in present simple: was

6. Verb 3de rijtje: collected

Passive: Money was collected (by John). 

EXAMPLE SENTENCE (2H)

Active: John collected money.

1. See WHO did it: - JOHN

2. WHAT did he DO (verb) & tense – COLLECTED (past simple!)

3. What is the OBJECT? – MONEY

4. Object in the beginning: Money

5. VERB be in present simple: was

6. Verb 3de rijtje: collected

Passive: Money was collected (by John). 

Fill in: 

Active: Matt and Jesse drove a car. 

1. See WHO did it: __________

2. WHAT did they DO (verb) & tense: __________

3. What is the OBJECT: ____________

4. Put the object in the beginning: __________

5. VERB be in past simple: __________

6. Verb 3de rijtje: ____________

Passive: _________________________

Make the sentence PASSIVE
(Present Simple!)
You write a letter.

Make the sentence PASSIVE
(Past Simple!)
You wrote a letter.

Make the sentence PASSIVE
(Present Simple!)
They see you.

Make the sentence PASSIVE
(Past Simple!)
They saw you.

Examples:

The teacher reads 1 book per week.

We do not clean our rooms. 

Harry ate six shrimp at dinner.

Sue changed the flat tire.

I draw a picture. 

I ran the obstacle course in record time.

Examples:

The teacher reads 1 book per week. -> 1 book per week is read (by the teacher)

We do not clean our rooms.  -> Our rooms were not cleaned (by us).

Harry ate six shrimp at dinner. -> At dinner six shrimp were eaten (by Harry).

Sue changed the flat tire. -> The flat tire was changed (by Sue).

I draw a picture.  -> A picture was drawn (by me)

I ran the obstacle course in record time. ->The obstacle course was run in record time (by me).

PASSIVE EXERCISES

Put these sentences into the passive (present or past)

c) People export Spanish tortilla to the US.

d) El Greco painted The Burial of the Count of Orgaz. 

e) You don’t find penguins at the North Pole. 

f) Columbus didn’t discover America in 1491. 

g) They draw some paintings. 

h) My uncle didn't sell the bicycle.

i) The child broke all the plates in the cupboard. 

j) She didn’t find the book.

PASSIVE EXERCISES

Put these sentences into the passive (present or past)

c) People export Spanish tortilla to the US. -> Spanish tortilla is exported to the US.

d) El Greco painted The Burial of the Count of Orgaz. -> The Burial of the Count of Orgaz was painted.

e) You don’t find penguins at the North Pole. -> Penguins aren't found at the NP.

f) Columbus didn’t discover America in 1491. -> America wasn't discovered by...

g) They draw some paintings. -> Some paintings are drawn.

h) My uncle didn't sell the bicycle. -> The bicycle wasn't sold. 

i) The child broke all the plates in the cupboard. -> All the plates were broken. 

j) She didn’t find the book. -> The book wasn't found.

Exercises Passive

1. Somebody sends emails.

2. Nobody made mistakes.

3. Somebody loved that woman.

4.Nobody cuts the grass.

5. Somebody prefers chocolate.

6. Did somebody find the key?

7. Does somebody clean the rooms?

Exercise passive online

https://elt.oup.com/student/solutions/preint/grammar/grammar_10_012e?cc=nl&selLanguage=en

EXIT TICKET
What did you learn today?

3. Modal Verbs

• What are modal verbs?
  
• - Are words which add information
• 
  
• For example:
  
• 1. We must get on time to the classroom.
  
• 2. Students should revise their school material every day.

Verplichting

advies

What is the difference?

I can sing (very well). 

• ability (bekwaam)

vs

I can sing (at my cousin's wedding). 

• permission (toestemming)

MODALS

- CAN, CAN'T -  kunnen (bekwaam), niet kunnen

- COULD, COULDN'T - zou (niet) kunnen, misschien iets (niet) klopt 

MIGHT - hetzelfde as could maar nog meer twijfel

MAY - misschien iets klopt, beleefde vragen

- SHOULD, SHOULDN'T - eigenlijk moeten, zou moeten (advies)

- MUST, HAVE TO - moet, verplicht

Modals

https://agendaweb.org/exercises/verbs/modals/mixed-modals-2

Modal verbs – insert: can / can’t / should / shouldn’t / must / mustn’t / might / may

1. Students ________________ put their phone away when in the classroom.

2. I __________________ make fun of my friends.

3. _________________ I go to the bathroom?

4. Students __________________ cheat during the test.

5. Daniel _____________ speak Chinese but he ___________ speak Dutch.

6. It _______________ rain today.

4. Questions

WH - questions

Exercise: https://www.english-4u.de/en/grammar-exercises/asking-questions2.htm

REVISION 

Listening 

water: A2/B1

  https://en.islcollective.com/video-lessons/a2-b1-what-would-happen-if-you-didnt-drink-water-mia-nacamul

Amazons A2/B1

https://en.islcollective.com/video-lessons/a2-b1-did-the-amazons-really-exists-adrienne-mayeor

Climate Change A2/B1

https://en.islcollective.com/video-lessons/climate-change-according-kid-listening-comprehension

GrafFiti: https://en.islcollective.com/video-lessons/a2-b1-is-graffiti-art-or-vandalism-kelly-wall

1. https://en.islcollective.com/video-lessons/living-8-m2-apartment-tokyo-comprehension-practice

2. https://en.islcollective.com/video-lessons/a2-b1-what-happens-if-you-cut-down-all-of-a-citys-trees-stef

3. https://en.islcollective.com/video-lessons/b1-which-bag-should-you-use-luka-seamus-wright-and-imogen-el

4.