Unit 2

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 4

Unit 2

The Future

A lot of different tenses to talk about future events

Exercise 1.2 (page 80)

Take a look at the activities in exercise 1.1: which are mentioned by Jessica?

Mentioned by Jessica:

1

2

3

4

5

6

Exercise 1.3

Listen again and fill in gaps.

Gap 2
(do not use shortened forms)

Gap 3
(do not use shortened forms)

Gap 4
(do not use shortened forms)

Gap 5
(do not use shortened forms)

Gap 6
(do not use shortened forms)

Gap 6
(do not use shortened forms)

Gap 6
(do not use shortened forms)

How many ways of reffering to the future did you use?

The future

You used 6, but there are many ways to indicate the future in English:

• Will
• To be going to
• Present Simple
• Present Continuous
• Future Perfect
• Future Perfect Continuous
• Be to + infinitive
• Future in the past

Before we continue

+ → affirmative

- → negative

? → interrogative

When do you use which?

Will/shall: predictions based on opinion or experience, decision without planning, facts in the future, willingness

• I think he will not (won't) pass his test this year. (opinion / experience)
  
• I will give you a call tonight, OK? (decision without planning)
  
• The sun will rise in the morning. (facts in the future)
  
• Shall I give you a hand? (willingness)
  
  
• +     will + verb
  
• -      will not / won’t + verb
  
• ?     will/shall + verb (shall with I and we)

When do you use which?

To be going to: predictions based on evidence, decision already made (but not arranged)

• Look at those clouds, I bet it is going to rain. (prediction based on evidence.)
• They are going to go to France next year. (decision already made, but not arranged)
  
  
• +    am/are/is + going to + verb
  
• -     am/are/is + not going to + verb
  
• ?    am/are/is + subject + going to + verb

When do you use which?

Pres. Continuous: decision already made and arranged, informal arrangement

• We are leaving tonight. (decision already made and arranged)
  
• They are meeting each other tonight. (informal arrangement)

• +    am/are/is + verb-ing
• -     am/are/is + not + verb-ing
• ?    am/are/is + subject + verb-ing

When do you use which?

Future Continuous: prediction that somebody will be doing something or something will be happening over a period of time

• In ten years time I will be working as a teacher.
  
• In 2040 most people will be driving electric cars.
  
  
• +    will be + verb-ing
  
• -     will not / won’t be + verb-ing
  
• ?    will + subject + be + verb-ing
  

When do you use which?

Future Perfect: prediction that something will have happened at a certain point in the future

Future Perfect Continuous: prediction that something will have been going on at a certain point in the future.

He will have passed his exams. (finished)

He will have been working on a new project. (not finished)

+    will have + past participle or will have been + verb-ing

-     won’t have + past participle or won’t have been + verb-ing

?     will + subject + have + past participle or will + subject + have been + verb-ing

When do you use which?

Be to + verb: commonly used in news report, to talk about formal plans, rules, instructions

• Extra police officers are to be posted near the beaches.
  
• We are to hand in everything in time.
  
  
• We only use this with actions people can control, so:
  
• The sun will rise tomorrow. not: The sun is to rise tomorrow.

When do you use which?

Present  Simple: event as part of an official schedule (timetables)

• The museum opens at 6.
  
• School begins at 8.15.
  
  
• +    verb or verb+(e)s
• -     do(es)n’t + verb
  
• ?    do(es) + subject + verb

I think I understand the different tenses and how to use them.

Yes

Mostly. but I don't need any help.

Mostly, but I still would like some help.

Not at all and need some help.

Continue

In pairs / groups of three:
Continue working on exercises 3.1 - 3.3 on pages 20 & 21.

Check the answers with the key in the back of your book.