Unit 4.5 The Carribean (5 March 24/25)

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vmbo k
• Leerjaar 3

Unit 4 The Carribean

Today:

• Grammar : Direct & indirect speech

Lesson goals

• know the difference between direct & indirect speech

Grammar time

Indirect Speech (Reported Speech)

How to convert direct speech into indirect speech

 Indirect/reported speech

When you report what someone has said without quoting their exact words.

Instead of using quotation marks ("..."), you rephrase the statement in your own words.

Use indirect speech to tell someone what another person said.

How to convert direct speech into indirect speech

1. Adjust (vervoeg) the verb tense (usually one step back in time).
2. Change the pronouns (e.g., "I" becomes "he" or "she")
3. Change, time and place expressions to reflect the new context.  (like "tomorrow," "today," "yesterday") and place references (like "here," "there")  
4. Replace quotation marks with a conjunction like "that" (optional in some cases).

How to convert direct speech into indirect speech

Example:

"It’s raining outside today," he said. 

Indirect:

He said (that) it was raining outside that day.

Example: wat verandert?

Direct Speech:

"I am going to the store," John said.

Indirect Speech:

John said that he was going to the store.

Example: wat verandert?

Direct Speech:

"I am going to the store," John said.

Indirect Speech:

John said that he was going to the store.

• Present tense "am" becomes past tense "was" 
•  "I" becomes "he"

Example: wat verandert?

Direct Speech:

"Do you like coffee?" she asked.

Indirect Speech:

She asked if I liked coffee.

Example: wat verandert?

Direct Speech:

"Do you like coffee?" she asked.

Indirect Speech:

She asked if I liked coffee.

(Present tense "do" becomes past tense "liked", and "you" becomes "I".)

Example: wat verandert?

1.

Direct Speech: "I saw her yesterday," he said.

Indirect Speech: He said (that) he had seen her the day before.

2.

Direct Speech: "I am standing here," she said.

Indirect Speech: She said (that) she was standing there.

Example: wat verandert?

1.

Direct Speech: "I saw her yesterday," he said.

Indirect Speech: He said (that) he had seen her the day before.

• Tense: "Saw" (past simple) changes to "had seen" (past perfect).
• Time expression: "Yesterday" changes to "the day before."

Direct Speech: "I am standing here," she said.

Indirect Speech: She said (that) she was standing there.

Tense: "Am standing" (present continuous) changes to "was standing" (past continuous).

Place expression: "Here" changes to "there."

Example: wat verandert?

2.

Direct Speech: "I am standing here," she said.

Indirect Speech: She said (that) she was standing there.

• Tense: "Am standing" (present continuous) changes to "was standing" (past continuous).
• Place expression: "Here" changes to "there."

Werkwoord aanpassen in 2 stappen:

1. In welke tijd staat de zin (direct speech)?
2. Naar welke tijd gaat de zin dan terug als je er indirect speech van moet maken?

Direct speech (wat iemand letterlijk zegt)	Indirect speech (wat iemand heeft gezegd)
	Begin met een inleiding bijv. He said (that)... They asked if...
Do you like the beach? ( present simple )	He asked if I liked the beach. ( past simple )
I know the story.	He said (that) he knew the story.
I spend a lot of money	Terry (he) said that he spent a lot of money.
We are working on it. ( present continuous )	They said that they were working on it. ( past continuous )
I saw you on the beach yesterday. ( past simple )	He said he had seen me on the beach yesterday ( past perfect )
Have you ever seen anything strange? ( present perfect )	She asked if we had seen anything strange.
	Verander ook, waar mogelijk, de andere verwijzingen.
I was at a party last night .	He told me he had been at a party the night before.

1. welke tijd?

2. naar welke tijd terug?

Bepalingen van Plaats en Tijd

Summary

• Pas aan: 

- werkwoord,  
- voornaamwoord, 
- bepalingen van tijd en plaats
- zinsstructuur; 

• Gebruik: "that", "if", or "whether" om zinnen te verbinden (indien nodig).

Julie: I want to go out.
INDIRECT SPEECH

1. Julie said that I want to go out
2. Julie said that she want to go out.
3. Julie said that she wanted to go out.
4. Julie said that she had wanted to go out.

My cousins: "We worked all night".
INDIRECT SPEECH

1. My cousins said that we worked all night.
2. My cousins said they had worked all night.
3. My cousins said they worked all night.

Indirect Speech:
He: "It is snowing."

1. He said that it was snowing.
2. He said that it is snowing.

Ben: "I don't like shopping."
in indirect speech is:

1. Ben said that he don't like shopping.
2. Ben said that I didn't like shopping.
3. Ben said that I don't like shopping.
4. Ben said that he didn't like shopping.

Gebruik: Indirect speech
Jay: “I like sandwiches!”

1. Jay said that he like sandwiches
2. Jay said that he likes sandwiches
3. Jay said that he liked sandwiches
4. Jay said that he did not like sandwiches.

Julie: I want to go out.
INDIRECT SPEECH

1. Julie said that I want to go out
2. Julie said that she want to go out.
3. Julie said that she wanted to go out.
4. Julie said that she had wanted to go out.

Turn the  sentences into indirect speech  

1. Work in pairs
2. Use the info in your book, your notes etc.

Turn the following sentences into indirect speech 

(use the info in your book, your notes, slide 8)

Direct Speech: John said, ‘I am very busy now.’

Indirect Speech: John said (that) he was very busy then.

Direct Speech: He said, ‘The horse has been fed.’

Indirect Speech: He said (that) the horse had been fed.

Direct Speech: ‘I know her name and address,’ said John.

Indirect Speech: John said (that) he knew her name and address.

Direct Speech: ‘German is easy to learn,’ she said.

Indirect Speech: She said (that) German was easy to learn.

Direct Speech: He said, ‘I am writing letters.’

Indirect Speech: He said (that) he was writing letters.

Direct Speech: ‘It is too late to go out,’ Alice said.

Indirect Speech: Alice said (that) it was too late to go out.

Direct Speech: He said to me, ‘I don’t believe you.’

Indirect Speech: He told me (that) he didn’t believe me.

Direct Speech: He says, ‘I am glad to be here this evening.’

Indirect Speech: He says (that) he is glad to be there that evening.

Direct Speech: He said to me, ‘What are you doing?’

Indirect Speech: He asked me (what) I was doing.

Direct Speech: ‘Where is the post office?’ asked the stranger.

Indirect Speech: The stranger asked (where) the post office was.

Direct Speech: He said, ‘Will you listen to me?’

Indirect Speech: He asked (if) I would listen to him.

Direct Speech: John said to Peter, ‘Go away.’

Indirect Speech: John told Peter (to) go away.

Direct Speech: She said to me, ‘Please wait here till I return.’

Indirect Speech: She told me (to) wait there till she returned.

Direct Speech: ‘Call the witness,’ said the judge.

Indirect Speech: The judge told them (to) call the witness.

Direct Speech: The speaker said, ‘Be quiet and listen to my words.’

Indirect Speech: The speaker told them (to) be quiet and listen to his words.

Your turn!

• Start with your homework.
• Practise grammar: slide 31 + 32, Versterk jezelf or find other exercises online direct/indirect speech

https:

www.perfect-english-grammar.com