§5.1: Differences in nature - part 1

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• Middelbare school
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• Leerjaar 2

Chapter 5: Project Europe 

Test week 

• Test (2x)
• Chapter 5: project Europe
• §5.1: Differences in nature
• §5.2: Differences in population and culture
• §5.3: Differences in climate

Today

• Introduction
  
• Explanation §5.1
  
• Videoclip
  

Starting assignment 

• Several places in Europe will be shown
• Choose the place where the chance on a natural disaster is the biggest

An event with a natural cause            for example volcanic eruption, earthquake, landslide

Where is the chance on a natural disaster the biggest? 

Volcanic eruption Iceland 2010

Today

• Introduction
  
• Explanation §5.1
  
• Videoclip
  

Learning goals

• You can explain the connection between plate tectonics and the presence of natural disasters in Europe.
  
• You can explain how volcanoes are formed.
• You know in which European countries you can find volcanoes and can explain why.
• You know why the type of volcanoes in Italy and Iceland differ.
  

Divergent

Convergent

Transform

Convergent

Divergent

Transform

Plate tectonics

Europe: volcanoes and earthquakes 

What do you still know about volcanoes?

Volcanoes

• Convergent (continental and oceanic platen)
  
• Divergent (two oceanic plates)
  
• Hotspot

1: Subduction zone 

(volcanoes on land)

1.  Ocean floor is pushed into mantel
   
2.  Rock melts, magma is formed
   
3.  Heated substance lighter than surroundings
   
4.  Heated substance wants to rise
   
5.  Pressure too high: eruption
   
6.  Magma becomes lava and leaves volcano via the crater
   

Stratovolcano 

• Convergent movement 
  
• Oceanic plate and continental plate 
  
• Subduction zone 
  

Stratovolcano 

Stratovolcano 

• Explosive 
  
• Steep slopes
  
• Subduction zone

2: divergent movement (volcanoes in the ocean)

1.  Two parts of ocean floor move apart
   
2.  Crack in the Earth’s crust
   
3.  Filled with hot rock (lava)
   
4.  Lava comes into contact with water
   
5.  Lava solidifies
   
6.  A new piece of ocean floor is formed
   
7.  Mid-ocean ridge = sort of stretched out mountain range along the ocean floor
   

Mid oceanic ridge

• Divergent movement
  
• Oceanic and oceanic plate
  

Volcanoes in the oceans can become volcanic islands 

Shield volcano

• Effusive (not explosive) 
  
• Flat slopes (vlakke hellingen)
• Divergent movement and hotspots 

Look at the map. Where in Europe do you find a subduction zone?

Look at the map. Where in Europe do you find strato volcanoes and where do you find shield volcanoes?

Volcanoes: Southern Europe (Mediterranean Sea)

• Subduction zone
• Convergent movement of a oceanic and continental plate
• Strato volcanoes
• Explosive, steep slopes 

Vesuvius

Volcanoes: Iceland 

• Formed by mid-ocean ridge
• Divergent movement of two oceanic plates
• Shield volcanoes
• Effusive and flat slopes 

Today

• Introduction
  
• Explanation §5.1
  
• Videoclip