2.1 Trade industry and the Dutch Republic

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2.1 Trade industry and the Dutch Republic

Welcome!

At the end of this lesson...

• You can describe the economy of the Dutch Republic.
  

Today

• What do you know already? (+- 10 min)
• Explanation (+- 20 min)
• Homework (+- 15 min)

Dutch Golden Age

How does the Republic become rich? (1)

• 1568-1648: 80 years war (Dutch Revolt)

• In principle, war is bad for trade, but the war was mainly fought in the Southern Netherlands (current Belgium)

• The port of Antwerp was closed: trading ships diverted to Amsterdam

How does the Republic become rich (2)

• The Netherlands does not have a lot of products/raw materials

• They have a lot of dairy products

• Solution: Staple market

• Amsterdam will become one large marketplace for European manufacturers

Place where purchased products could be stored and then traded again from there.

Stapelmarkt

Baltic routes

A ship sailing from Amsterdam to the countries around the Baltic Sea is loaded with:

1. Cheese, textiles and fish
2. Wine and oil
3. Spices
4. Grain and wood

A ship sailing from the countries surrounding the Baltic Sea to Amsterdam is loaded with:

1. Cheese, textiles and fish
2. Wine and oil
3. spices
4. Grain and wood

Trade is important!

Merchants bought products with money (capital) and then sold them at a profit. That profit was invested in turn in more trade products. So they became richer and richer. This is called Merchant capitalism

Explain what a staple market is and why this fits the idea of merchant capitalism (2p)

Homework

2.1 exercise 1 to 5!

2.1 Trade industry and the Dutch Republic

Welcome!

At the end of this lesson...

• You can explain how the economy of the Dutch Republic became part of the world economy and the roles that the Dutch East India Company and the Dutch West India Company had in it.
  
• You can make the links between triangular trade, the slave trade and slavery on the plantations.

Today

• What do you know already? (+- 10 min)
• Explanation (+- 20 min)
• Homework/questions about the test (+- 15 min)

VOC

WIC

First Dutch people in Asia

• Cornelis de Houtman was the first Dutchman to arrive in the East Indies in 1596

• The Dutch have a route to Cape the Good Hope!

New problem!

• More and more Dutch companies (companies) are sailing to the Indies.

• This creates a lot of competition between Dutch people

• As a result, the price of spices drops rapidly, and so does the profit

Dutch East India Company (1602)

• The Dutch government (States General) intervenes

• Precursor Companies must merge into one company

• This prevents competition and the profits can also be used in the war against Spain

They receive full monopoly over the trade in Asian waters. They also receive the authority to wage war and sign treaties in name of the Republic.

Monopoly: Market situation where there is only one supplier of a certain product

Jan Pieterszoon Coen

Privateering and slave trade

• A company like the VOC was needed for trade with Western countries as well.
  
  
• 1621: Dutch West-India Company
  
  
• monopoly on trade with North and South America.
  
  
• Privateering was also allowed > hijacking Spanish and Portuguese ships > capturing the Silver Fleet.

In what year was the VOC founded?

1. 1601
2. 1602
3. 1701
4. 1702

In what year was the WIC founded?

1. 1601
2. 1602
3. 1621
4. 1721

Homework

Paragraph 2.1 exercise 5 to 13

2.1 Trade industry and the Dutch Republic

Welcome!

At the end of this lesson...

• You can make the links between triangular trade, the slave trade and slavery on the plantations.

Today

• What do you remember? (+- 10 min)
• Explanation (+- 20 min)
• Homework (+- 15 min)

Which word does not belong?

A. Dutch East India Company

B. Piet Hein

C. VOC

D. Jan Pieterszoon Coen

Which word does not belong?

A. Dutch East India Company

B. Piet Hein

C. VOC

D. Jan Pieterszoon Coen

Which word does not belong?

A. WIC'

B. Slave trade

C. America

D. Spices

Which word does not belong?

A. WIC

B. Slave trade

C. America

D. Spices

What do you know
about slavery?

Why slavery?

• Many plantations were located in South America and were owned by Europeans
• Plantation products, such as coffee, tobacco, cotton and sugar, were very popular in Europe
• Many agricultural workers were needed to grow the products.
• According to the Europeans, the original inhabitants of this area were 'unsuitable' for this work... or had already been killed in the centuries before...

Triangular trade

• European traders took products such as ammunition, weapons and alcohol to Africa.
• There they were exchanged by African tribes for enslaved people: these were usually captured members of another African tribe.
• These enslaved people were then transported to slave markets in South America

De afbeelding laat zien op welke wijze slaven werden vervoerd op een slavenschip. Dergelijke tekeningen werden meestal gemaakt om aan te geven op welke vreselijke manier de slaven werden vervoerd. Deze tekening is gemaakt in opdracht van een commissie van de Engelse regering.

Plantations

• Enslaved people had to work hard under terrible conditions
• They were regularly mistreated and/or abused
• They were sometimes branded, like they did with cattle. This allowed everyone to see who owned the enslaved person
• Most plantation owners employed white supervisors, but there were also black supervisors: the basjas.

Een halsklem en handboeien waarmee de slaven gevangen worden gehouden.

Uprisings

• Slave revolts were few and far between. This was because:
  

1. the slave owners had cuffed the enslaved
2. the slave owners were well armed
   
3. the enslaved people came from different parts of Africa and therefore did not understand each other well. As a result, they could not organize themselves
   
4. some consciously chose death, for example by starvation

Er is een aantal slavenopstanden geweest, bijvoorbeeld die onder leiding van Boni in Suriname (1757-1793) en die van Tula op Curaçao (1795)

Op de foto zie je Desenkadena ('verbreken van de ketenen'), ook wel het Tula monument genoemd. Het staat op de plek waar de opstand begon.

How are the triangular trade, slave trade and slavery on the plantations connected?

Homework

Paragraph 2.1 exercise 5 to 13