3.2 Netherlands and Europe

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Dutch Golden Age

3.2 Netherlands and Europe 

Lesson Goals 

At the end of this lesson you will be able to:

- explain how the stock exchange and the staple market ensured that Amsterdam became the trading center of the world.

explain why the 17th century is called the Golden Age

Growth of Wealth

1568-1648: Eighty Years' War (Dutch Revolt)

- In principle, war is bad for trade, but the war was mainly fought in the Southern Netherlands (present day Belgium)

- 1585 Port of Antwerp was closed: merchants fled to Holland (Amsterdam)

Growth of Wealth (2) 

The Netherlands does not have a lot of grain

Solution: get cheap grain from the Baltic Sea region in exchange for products from the Netherlands (Moedernegotie) 

As a result, the Netherlands already has a lot of experience with shipbuilding and trading networks throughout Europe in the 16th century

Amsterdam becomes trade center of Europe and ultimately the world

Stapelmarkt

the Stock Market (Beurs) 

Amsterdam merchants met at fixed times and places since the middle of the 16th century. Eventually there were so many merchants that she demanded a building of her own.

the Exchange had a colonnade where each pillar was numbered. Each branch of trade had its own pillar.

Purchased goods were not directly resold, but were stored in warehouses. The merchants waited for a buyer who was willing to pay the highest price.

For example, a merchant song stores grain and waits for a famine to break out. The starving people are willing to pay the most.

De Amsterdamse Beurs vanaf het Rokin op de prent van C.J. Visscher uit 1612

De beurs na de uitbreiding van 1668 met links de nieuwe galerij die op de brug was gebouwd, en aan de buitenkant het Mercuriusbeeld: Job Berckheyde, De oude beurs van Amsterdam, circa 1670, Museum Boijmans van Beuningen, Rotterdam

Stapelmarkt:
Place where goods are stored in warehouses and further traded from there.

Bank

Beurs

warehouses

Which products:

Grain, wood and fur

Wine, dried fruits and salt

Spices

Sugar and tobacco

Butter, cheese and meat

Canalhouses

De prachtige panden uit die tijd staan er ]nog. Tegenwoordig komen er miljoenen toeristen naar Amsterdam voor de mooie gebouwen uit die tijd.

Kleine bootjes vervoerden goederen via de grachten naar de grachtenpanden van rijke kooplieden.

Goederen van over de hele wereld kwamen aan in Amsterdam.

Via deze balken takelden ze de goederen naar de bovenste verdiepingen van grachtenpanden, waar spullen werden bewaard. 

Als je naar de huizen kijkt zie je dat ze vaak smal zijn. Je moest in die tijd belasting betalen over hoe breed je huis was.

Stapelmarkt

Het paleis op de Dam was het stadhuis van Amsterdam in de Gouden eeuw. 

Dit is de waag. Hier werden goederen gewogen. 

Mensen van over de héle wereld kwamen naar Amsterdam om te handelen.

Amsterdam becomes trading centre of Europe 

Nijverheid (home industry) 

= large-scale production of products by hand or simple instruments

eg: cloth industry, ship industry

Industry in the Netherlands benefits from the flourishing trade. 

E.g. rope, nails, sails, barrels etc needed for ships.

Handelskapitalisme

Kapitalisme = streven naar grote winst

Handelskapitalisme = het economisch systeem waarbij kooplieden zich bezighouden met handel én nijverheid en een deel van de winst weer in hun onderneming investeren. 

Doel:

• Winst maken
  
• Handel uitbreidden 

Holland ca. 1550

- a lot of salty water --> little agricultural land

- grain was purchased from Baltic Sea area

- Dutch farmers specialized in livestock farming and crops for the market

market products: 

Whaling

Herring

Visserij

Dutch Golden Age

In the 17th century, Amsterdam built three wide canals that ran like semi-circles around the center: beautiful mansions and warehouses.

This is known as the Grachtengordel. It became a symbol of the Golden Age.

De Grachtengordel, Amsterdam

Golden Age

economic and cultural heyday of the Republic in the 17th century

In the seventeenth century, the Republic experienced 'golden' times. 

There was a lot of trading and a lot of money made. 

Science and art flourish. Amsterdam is the center of the world...

Trade, industry, agriculture and fishing earned so much money that the Republic became the richest country in Europe.

The Golden age:

Video

Wat is de Gouden Eeuw? (3:20)

Herhaling en introductie

the Army

In the Golden Age, the Netherlands was rich.

The Netherlands could therefore afford a good army.

These were mercenaries.

Republic at War 

Neighboring countries wanted to reduce the power of the Republic and the Republic wanted to increase its power, especially overseas.

In the Golden Age, the Netherlands was at war with Spain, England and France, among others.

War against Britain for its colonies 

War with France for its southern borders

next video:

Chatham cheat

Rampjaar 1672 

Disaster Year 1672

Maak opdracht 7 en 8 van 3.2