Key Debate - Formative Feedback

• Engels
• Beroepsopleiding

Key Debate

Jessica

Iris

Petra

Sara

What is formative assessment?

Formative assessment

"All those activities undertaken by teachers and/or by their students, which provide information to be used as feedback to modify the teaching and learning activities in which they are engaged". (Black & William, 1998)

Formative assessment should be an obligatory element in Dutch education

The set up

Speaker 1: Jess (Affirmative)

Speaker 2: Sara (Opposition)

Speaker 3: Iris (Affirmative)

Speaker 4: Petra (Opposition)

Final thoughts of the affirmative

Final thoughts of the opposition

Cycle of learning (life)

Look familiar?

Why formative assessment?

You learn from your mistakes instead of your grade! 

Also the obvious:

Less work for teachers, grades go up, use of 21st-century skills, students become critical, students feel more successful, students are happier, are able to work in their own tempo, can apply to their own learning strategies and can become more motivated.. (SLO Slifhout, 2017)

What is it that we want students to achieve?

Don't we want to help them go through the process of learning?

Or stop the process by giving a grade and never learning what you did wrong?

Too many summative tests are demotivating

• Students are mostly extrinsically motivated (Dweck, 2006; Bokhove- van Wensveen, 2011)

Formative assessment motivates!

Motivation:

Extrinsic (summative)

Intrinsic (combination of both) - Self-determination Theory

• Autonomy (Verbeek, 2015)
• Competence
• Relatedness

(Ryan & Deci, 2000; Ros et al., 2015)

Formative assessment motivates!

Link to formative evaluation

• Success criteria - Competence
• Coaching - Relatedness
• Student feedback - Relatedness
• Own learning styles - All three
• Own tempo - Autonomy and competence
• Many more

(Ryan & Deci, 2000; Reeve & Yang, 2006; Gulikers, Bastiaens & Maartens, 2005)

Proof!

My school

Pilot class (now in the second year)

Results

Formative evaluation should be obligatory!

Formative assessment should not be obligatory

Affirmative

Rebuttal and arguments on types of feedback and its benefits

Rebuttal

Formative assessment is a multi-faceted practice resulting in a multitude of definitions (Dunn & Mulvenon, 2009)

Assessment or evaluation?

All researchers agree that FA is assessment for learning (Black, 2015)

A multitude of definitions make it harder to produce empirical evidence supporting FA. (Dunn & Mulvenon, 2009)

Feedup

What is feedup?

Pointing out learning aims

Appropriately challenging

Pointing out successcriteria

Rubrics

Why:

People want to know where they are going and when they have arrived

How:

PROVIDE EXAMPLES OF GOOD PRACTICE

Feedback

What:

information regarding aspects of one’s performance or understandingHattie and Timperley (2007)

How:  

React on the process observed 

In time

Consistent not confusing

Aim the feedback at the learning aims

React transparant, concrete and free of judgement

Make the student think/come up with something better himself

As often as possible (even after summative assessment)

Benefits of feedback

Self regulated learning:         Students learn how to learn

Improves the quality of the endproduct:           feedback has shown to increase student        achievement by 20%. 

Makes learning visible:        If we do not allow students to re-do work, we deny the growth mindset

Reduces test anxiety:           Feedback has no evaluative component. 

Boosts self-confidence:          Half of the feedback should focus on what was done well

Feedforward

 (Moss and Brookhart , 2012)

How:

1st: Evaluation of the material and the instruction

2nd: Same instruction in a different manner

3rd: More challenging tasks

Why:

Students retrain and retain the material for future reference or the summative test

Opportunity to discuss better learning strategies

Opportunity to discuss better learning strategies

Workload

FA can substitute 50% of summative tests

Teachers often spend more time creating and preparing for summative assessments whereas time is best spent on formative assessments to provide feedback and guide instruction. 

(http://galileoleadership.weebly.com)

Use peer-feedback and self-assessment more often.

Opposition

Rebuttal and arguments

Affirmative

Rebuttal and conclusion

Rebuttal

Conclusion - Affirmative

Conclusion - Opposition

Consiliator

Questions?