2.2 the Reformation (TEACHER PRESENTATION)

• History
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 2

 2.2. The Reformation

people in this lesson

Martin Luther

Frederik of Saxony

emperor Charles V

John Calvin

Desiderius Erasmus

WHY WAS CHARLES V's EMPIRE CALLED:

"HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE"?

Charles made a deal with the pope:

Charles accepted the pope as the spiritual leader of his empire

The pope granted Charles the power of a Roman emperor

(Caesar = Kaiser = Emperor)

So

• HOLY: because it was Catholic. 
• ROMAN: because Charles was as powerful as a Roman emperor
• EMPIRE: well, because it was an empire

How did the Catholic Church split up?

The Reformation Begins

• 1517: Luther protested against what, in his opinion, was wrong with the Catholic Church by posting his 95 theses
• The pope excommunicated Luther and wants him arrested
• 1521: Luther is ordered to the Diet at Worms to take back his words

After the Diet of Worms

• Luthers supporters form the Lutherans and use Luthers protests to justify a split of the Catholic Church
• Their radical ideas spread all over Germany and causes violence against priests
• = the start of the Reformation

Statement 1: Before Luther, there was only one Christian Church:
the Catholic Church.
Statement 2: After Luther, the Catholic Church was replaced by many
different Protestant Churches

1. Both statements are true
2. Both statements are false
3. Only Statement 1 is true
4. Only statement 2 is true

Protestantism

• Charles V, ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, despised the split of the Church and wanted to use violence to correct it
• Many people protested = Protestanism
• Civil War broke out that was solved with the Treaty of Augsburg (1555): Each princedom can decide their own religion

What does Luther see in Rome that irritates him?

priests spend too much time praying

the clergy live too luxuriously

people worship relics

people refuse to worship the pope

clerics are sleeping with women

people worship images of saints

By buying an indulgence you would got:

1. to spend less years in hell
2. a ticket to Heaven
3. a free ticket to Rome
4. special treatment when you died

With his Ninety-five Theses, Luther protested against
what in his opinion:

1. was wrong with society
2. was wrong with religion in general
3. was wrong with Catholics
4. was wrong with the Catholic Church

Put the events in the correct chronological order

Luther must appear before the Emperor

Luther visits Rome

Luther writes his 95 theses

Luther translates the Bible into German

Luther burns the pope's letter

French Protestants

• Johan Calvin protested the Catholic Church
• French protestants = Huguenots
• Civil War between Catholics and Huguenots
• 1598: Edict of Nantes: Huguenots get more autonomy

The spread of protestantism

Charles V could not prevent protestantism to spread across his empire:

1. Luther had many followers (Lutherans)in Northern Germany
2. Calvin had many followers (Calvinists) in the Netherlands 

In your own words, what was the Protestant Reformation?

The Catholic Church defends itself

• 1545: Church meeting that started the Counter-Reformation
• Protestants = heretics
• Inquisition should actively hunt them down and force them to become Catholic again
• Protestant books were forbidden and listed on the Index

The Inquisition

Charles V saw protestants as HERETICS  who needed to be STOPPED.

To do this Charles V gave more power to the INQUISITION.

The Inquisition was a special department of the Catholic Church that focused on dealing with heretics.

HOW?

The Inquisition

Inquisition comes from "inquiry" (onderzoek).

Inquisitors were special Catholic monks who dealt with finding, arresting and punishing heretics.

To punish a heretic the inquisitors did not need PROOF, but a CONFESSION. And they used TORTURE to get this confession.

After the prisoner had confessed he could be publically punished, which often meant being burned alive.

Which measure taken by the Catholic Church can you see on this picture?

1. Index
2. Inquisition
3. Indulgence
4. Vernacular

Which is NOT a way the Catholic Church defended itself against Protestantism?

1. with the Inquisition protestants were persecuted
2. at the Council of Trent the Church started a new movement called the Counter-Reformation
3. everyone who was a protestant was declared a heretic
4. The Church centralized power in order to get a better grip on heretics