FL3 ch12 modals of oblig, prohibition&necessity

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Diary

Mo 27th of March (4th): Lr FU ch38&39

(in class: prep London presentations)

Wednesday the 29th of March (2nd) 

London presentation

No homework for Friday

 the modal verbs of obligation, prohibition and necessity

You can:

- recognize the modal verbs of obligation, prohibition and necessity

- use  the modal verbs of obligation, prohibition and necessity

Name an example of a
modal verb

modals

Find the modal in the text

explanation modals

Modals are short for modal auxiliaries (Dutch: hulpwerkwoorden van modaliteit). Modals can express obligation (Dutch: verplichting), necessity (Dutch: noodzaak) or permission (Dutch: toestemming). 

I'd love to come to the cinema but I _____ hand in this assignment tomorrow.

1. must
2. have to
3. can

You _____ hit your sister again! Do you understand?

1. mustn't
2. can
3. don't have to

You _____ park your car here for a maximum of 30 minutes.

1. must
2. don't have to
3. can

TB p122

M ex 1,2,3&4

Check

Done? Study Follow up

Difficult? 

Extra expl first

Stong obligation:

Must    -  present and future 

- The speaker is the one who imposes the obligation. In other words he is the one who tells somebody what they must do. 

- You can also use must for laws. 

Examples:  You must clean up the mess at once. 

  You must stop when the light turns red. 

have to

Have to / have got to (informal use only) 

- Present and future 

- The speaker is not the one who imposes the obligation. In other words somebody else tells somebody what they must do. 

Example:  The teacher told me  that I have to write down these words  

  

 Had to 

- Past and reported speech (Dutch: indirecte rede) 

Example:  My dad said that I had to come home early. 

I had to finish my meal before I was allowed to leave the table. 

obligation

Other ways to express obligation (no modals): 

- To make someone do something 

- To be compulsory 

Examples:  The teacher made the pupils write down the entire sentence.                                        

English is compulsory at secondary school. 

Weak obligation 

Should /ought to 

- Present and future 

   should have + past participle / ought to have + past participle 

- Past 

- Often used for criticism or regret, because an action didn’t happen.

 

Examples:   I really should visit granny more often. 

                        I ought to have told John the truth sooner. 

Asking for and giving permission 

Can – the word you usually use for permission 

Could -  is more polite  

May – is formal 

Examples: 

Can I go to the toilet, please? 

Could I ask you for some assistance? 

May I bother you for some salt? 

Other ways to express permission (no modals):  

- To allow someone to ..  

- To permit someone to ..  

- To let someone ..  

Examples:  

Dad allowed me to buy a new pair of jeans.  

The police permitted Jon to leave the prison.  

I let the kids play in the sandbox, even though it rained.  

Prohibition (Dutch: verbod)

 Mustn’t/ can’t  

- Present and future 

- You use this when something is forbidden 

Was not to / couldn’t 

- Past 

Examples: 

You can’t smoke in restaurants in Holland. 

I couldn’t go into that road because there were road works. 

I wasn’t to open the presents before Christmas morning. 

End-of-lesson Test questions

_____ I borrow your black dress tonight, please?

1. Can
2. Must
3. Mustn't

You _____ memorise the whole thing. Just try to remember the key points.

1. mustn't
2. have to
3. don't have to

 the modal verbs of obligation, prohibition and necessity

You can:

- recognize the modal verbs of obligation, prohibition and necessity

- use  the modal verbs of obligation, prohibition and necessity

On a scale of 0 to a 100, how well do you feel you understand the modal verbs of obligation, prohibition and necessity?

0100

Homework

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