Stepping Stones Theme 4 recap

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 3

Stepping Stones  Theme 4

* past simple + present perfect

* present simple  + present continuous 

* object + infinitive.

Past simple

versus

Present Perfect

Deduct the rules

1. Yesterday we saw a beautiful film on the Great War.

2. She has been a teacher for over ten years now.

3. WW II started for the USA in 1941, with the attack on Pearl Harbor. 

4. I broke my arm when I was six years old.

5. Last Friday I went out with friends.

6. I have always thought that cats are smarter than dogs.

7.  Tom has finished 15 exercises so far.

8.  In prehistoric times dinosaurs walked the earth.

past simple versus present perfect

Past Simple                    > tijdsbepaling (!)

                                             > de activiteit is begonnen en geëindigd in het verleden

                                             > vragen met: "When"

Present Perfect            > de activiteit is in het verleden begonnen en nog 

                                                 steeds aan de gang.

                                             > de activiteit is beëindigd, maar resultaat is in het

                                                 heden merkbaar.

                                             > vragen met "How many times/ How often"

Examples

1. I can't send you an email, my laptop has broken.             (activity in the past, but result now)
2. Yesterday we visited our grandmother.                                 (activity in the past + time indication)
3. I have been to Rome three times.                                             (up till now/ so far three times)
4. Mary worked for a phone company. when she was 18.  (activity in the past+ time indication)
5. Last weekend we went to Amsterdam                                   (activity in the past+ time indication)
6. I have always loved reading books.                                         (activity still going on)
7. I've made tea. Would you like a cup?                                       (activity in the past, but result now)
8. I painted the living room last spring.                                       (activity in the past + time indication)  

Tip: If you ask the question "When did ....?" and you get a clear answer from the sentence: 

It is the past simple!

Use a present perfect when .....

F      for                                  I have lived in Zwolle for 18 years now.

Y      yet                                 I have't done my homework yet.

N     never                            I have never seen such a beautiful flower.

E      ever                               Have you ever heard of Mozart?

J      just                                 I have just seen the new Bond film.

A     already, always         Have you already done your homework?

S     since, so far                I have lived in Zwolle since 2002.

Pay attention!

F      for                         I have lived in Zwolle for 18 years now.

         --->     refers to an amount of time

                                        We have studied Literature for 5 hours!

S      since                   I have lived in Zwolle since 2002.

         --->     refers to the start of an action/situation

                                        We have studied Literature since 10 o'clock.

I ... (to do) all my homework.

Last Friday I ... (to watch) the match with Bob.

I ... (never - to see) a live tennis match.

Last week we ... (to hear) about a nice pub.

Mary ... (to break) her leg last month.

They ... (already - to send) him a card.

Anna ... (to become) a member of the club.

I know for sure she ... (to eat) my cake.

This morning I ... (not -to receive) the paper.

This restaurant ... (to open) two weeks ago.

Present simple

Deze vorm gebruik je om aan te geven dat iets nooit, regelmatig of altijd gebeurt.

On Mondays I have tennis practice.                         --> altijd

I visit my grandmother once a week.                       --> regelmatig

I never watch Goede tijden Slechte tijden.          --> nooit

Present Continuous

Deze vorm gebruik je om aan te geven dat iets nu aan de gang is of dat iets irriteert.

Stop fidgeting!. It makes me nervous.                       --> irritatie

She's sleeping. Don't disturb her.                                --> aan het

We're watching (binging) a new Netflix-series      --> aan het

Objective plus infinitive

Objective = lijdend voorwerp

Infinitive = infinitief, hele werkwoord

I told you to do your homework!

I warned you not to be impolite to an old lady.

They would like me to help them.

He asked her to marry him.

Word order:

Subject- verb- object - infinitive

Exception to the rule!!!!

After let, make and verbs of perception (hear, smell, feel, see, etc) the word order is:

Tom made the little girl smile.

I won't let you stay up all night.

I felt the sun burn on my skin.

I saw a man pick a lock from a bicycle.

Subject- verb- object - infinitive without to