Grammar Explanation

• Engels
• MBO
• Studiejaar 3

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Grammar

> Present Simple

> Present Continuous 

> Present Perfect Simple

Present Simple
When do you use it?

Present Simple

1. To talk about general truths and facts.

2.   Habits and routines. 

3. To give instructions.

4. Series of actions or events.

Present Simple

1. To talk about general truths and facts.

Examples:

The sky is blue.

British people drink a lot of tea. 

I live in Rotterdam.

Broken bones don't heal as fast as they do in children.

Which statement of when to use Present Simple was given in the previous slide?

1. to talk about the past
2. to talk about the present
3. general truths and facts
4. series of actions or events

Give an example sentence of a general truth or fact.

Present Simple

2. Habits and routines.

Examples:

I usually eat an apple in the morning.

He goes to the gym three times a week.

Share prices typically change on a daily basis - but often very little.

Our chefs provide an excellent choice of hot meals every day.

Present simple is used to talk about habits and routines.

1. true
2. false

Present Simple

3. To give directions or instructions.

Examples:

Listen to me now! Get up! Wake up!

Go left and then go to the right.

From here you cross the road, go through an iron gate and follow the path west.

Present simple can be used to give ...

Present Simple

4. Series of actions or events.

Examples:

France kicks off, Zidane passes to Henry, Henry cuts inside... (sports commentaries)

I go up to her and ask...

France kicks off, Zidane passes to Henry, Henry cuts inside...
This sentence is used in...

1. online games
2. sports commentaries
3. news reports
4. online chat

Present Simple

Other uses:

Formal speech and writing

I look forward to receiving a prompt reply to my inquiry.

"I'm looking forward to receiving your reply."
(Formal writing)

1. correct
2. incorrect

Present Simple Rule

he, she, or it = verb + s

I eat > She eats

verb ending with: o, s, sh, ch and x = verb + es

goes, guesses, washes, watches, sexes

verb ending with y = carries, hobbies

Which one is incorrect?

1. He eat an apple.
2. I eat an apple.
3. You eat an apple
4. They eat apples.

Present Continuous

1. Describes an action in progress at the moment of speaking.

2. Repeated events or actions. 

3. Series of events.

Present Continuous

1. Describes an action in progress at the moment of speaking.

(temporary action)

Examples:

I'm cooking dinner now.

Francis is walking to the store.

We are staying with John this summer.

Give an example sentence when talking about something happening "now".

Present Continuous

1. Describes an action in progress at the moment of speaking.

(temporary action)

Exception:

X       Here is coming the postman. Here is going the last bus.

Here comes the postman. There goes the last bus.

Present Continuous

2. Repeated events or actions.

 ( Usually, if they happen within a temporary period.)

Examples:

I'm feeding the neighbour's cat this week while she's in the hospital. 

I'm feeding the neighbour's cat this week while she's in the hospital.

1. it's a routine or habit
2. it's a temporary thing

Present Continuous

2. Repeated events or actions.

Comparison Present Simple and Present Continuous:

Graham's having a tough time at the office at the moment and he's smoking about fifty cigarettes a day! (repeated action in a temporary period)

Graham's a confirmed smoker. He smokes about fifty a day. (habit / routine)

Graham's a confirmed smoke. He smokes about fifty cigarettes a day.

1. present simple
2. present continuous

Present Continuous

3. Series of events

 When the action is in progress throughout the time of speaking

Examples:

They're now entering the house and the husband is taking his shoes off. 

Present Continuous

3. Series of events.

Comparison Present Simple and Present Continuous:

France kicks off, Zidane passes to Henry, Henry cuts inside...

(quick event and is over before the description finishes)

France is kicking off, Zidane is passing to Henry...

(the action is in progress throughout the time of speaking)

Series of events - Present simple vs. Present continuous.
What's the difference?

Present Continuous Rule

1. Base form + -ing: draw > drawing

He, she, it > is + -ing = It is raining

You, they > are + -ing= They are eating

2. Base form ending in -e + -ing = take > taking, receive > receiving

3. Base form + consonant + -ing= swim > swimming

Present Perfect Simple

Has/Have + past participle

Example:

There has been a serious decline in the number of exports.

Have the printers finished the new brochure yet?

The film's already started- we'd better hurry.

The film's already started.
's =

1. is
2. has

Present Perfect Simple

1. To talk about states that started in the past and are still continuing in the present.

2. To talk about actions that happened in the past and may happen again in the future. 

3. To talk about an action completed in the past which has some relevance to the present. 

Present Perfect Simple

1. To talk about states that started in the past and are still continuing in the present.

Examples:

The manor house has stood on this spot for over two hundred years.

The center of the island has not been inhabited for fifty years.

Present Perfect Simple

2. To talk about actions that happened in the past and may happen again in the future. 

Examples:

I've only been to Hong Kong once, but I'd love to go again.

NASA has sent probes to various planets in the solar system.

This channel has shown about four wildlife documentaries this week!

Present Perfect Simple

3. To talk about an action completed in the past which has some relevance to the present. 

Examples:

The avalanche has devastated the skiing industry in the area.

Has the government put up the minimum wage?

Have you been to South America?

Present perfect	Past simple
Unfinised state/action Spain has governed ... since 1580.	Finished state/action Spain governed the state from 1958 to 1976.
Present relevance The Indian Government has imposed a ban.	No present relevance The Indian Government imposed a ban.

Present Perfect	Past Simple
Unfinished time I haven''t seen Keith this morning yet.	Finished time I didn't see Keith at all this morning.
Indefinite time I've been to Lowlands twice.	Definite time I went to Lowlands in 1999 and 2000.

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