Gas exchange and smoking.

• Science
• Lower Secondary (Key Stage 3)

Gas exchange and smoking.

Where is the trachea?

1. In the lower lungs
2. After the split in to two tubes
3. Between the voice box and the split into two tubes
4. After the alveoli

What is the primary function of the lungs?

1. Oxygen exchange
2. Carbon dioxide removal
3. Hormone production
4. Food digestion

What are the tiny air sacs in the lungs called?

1. Larynx
2. Alveoli
3. Bronchi
4. Trachea

Which structure carries air to the lungs?

1. Veins
2. Aorta
3. Trachea
4. Esophagus

What protects the lungs within the chest?

1. Skull
2. Rib cage
3. Spine
4. Pelvis

What muscle helps in breathing?

1. Diaphragm
2. Trapezius
3. Biceps
4. Quadriceps

Which gas diffuses into the blood from the alveoli?

1. Carbon dioxide
2. Oxygen
3. Nitrogen
4. Carbon Monoxide

Which gas diffuses from the blood from the alveoli?

1. Carbon dioxide
2. Oxygen

Why are the walls of the alveoli very thin?

Smoking and vaping causes the surface area of the alveoli to be reduced.
What effect does this have?

What is the role of haemoglobin?

1. Allows our blood to pick up oxygen and deliver to body cells
2. Allows our blood to pick up carbon dioxide and deliver to the body

Nitrogen

Oxygen

Carbon dioxide

71%

21%

0.04%

Which specialised cells transport oxygen?

1. White blood cells
2. Platelets
3. Plasma
4. Red blood cells

How are the alveoli adapted?

1. Good blood supply
2. Decreased surface area
3. Thick walls
4. Dry surface

How are the alveoli adapted?

1. Low blood supply
2. Increased surface area
3. Thick walls
4. Dry surface

How are the alveoli adapted

1. Low blood supply
2. Low surface area
3. Thick walls
4. Moist surface

How are the alveoli adapted

1. Low blood supply
2. Low surface area
3. Thin walls
4. Dry surface

What harmful substance is in vape smoke?

1. Hydrogen
2. Formaldehyde
3. Nicotine
4. Oxygen

Which organ is primarily affected by vaping?

1. Brain
2. Heart
3. Kidneys
4. Lungs

What can vaping lead to over time?

1. Weight loss
2. Respiratory issues
3. Improved lung function
4. Addiction

What is a major disease caused by smoking?

1. Asthma
2. Diabetes
3. Common cold
4. Lung cancer

Which of these is a smoking-related heart issue?

1. Heart attack
2. Skin rash
3. Ear infection
4. Stomach ache

What substance in cigarettes is addictive?

1. Alcohol
2. Nicotine
3. Caffeine
4. Sugar

What respiratory condition can smoking cause?

1. Acid reflux
2. High blood pressure
3. Chronic bronchitis
4. Headache

What is a risk factor for smoking-related diseases?

1. Regular exercise
2. Drinking water
3. Eating fruits
4. Secondhand smoke exposure

Stimulants

Stimulant drugs speed up the nervous system and heart rate. 

Legal stimulants - caffeine, nicotine, prescribed medications such as dexamphetamines, Adderall, methylphenidate (Ritalin) to treat ADHD. 

Illegal stimulants - Amphetamine sulphate (speed), Methamphetamine hydrochloride (crystal meth), MDMA (Ecstasy) and cocaine. 

Legal does not mean without side effects. 

Stimulant dependency.

This is when a person uses a stimulant harmfully which can lead to psychological dependency, as opposed to physical dependency.

 This can manifest in mood swings, depression or anxiety. People may find that relationships can become difficult. In some cases people spend more money than intended or may need to use more of a substance to get the same effect.

What are the problems with stimulant dependency?

1. Psychological dependency
2. Mood swings
3. Depression
4. Anxiety

Energy drinks

Official guidance says people should consume no more than 3 mg of caffeine per kilogram of body weight.

Many of these drinks contain high amounts of caffeine, as much as between 160-200 mg per can

Energy drinks

If I am allowed 3 mg per kg

then if a can has 160 mg I would have to be 53 kg to consume 1 can and not be over limit. 

160 / 3 = 53.3kg (Over 8 stone)

If I consume 2 cans I would have to be 106 kg. (Over 16 stone)

Why are energy drinks banned in the UK for under 16 year olds?

Energy drinks are harmful to the mental and physical health of children and young people, as well as their behaviour and education.

he NHS has stated that because of the high levels of caffeine, sugar and acidity in energy drinks, they are 'unnecessary' and 'unsuitable' for children under 16.

Why are energy drinks banned for under 16s?

1. Harmful to mental health
2. Harmful to physical health
3. High levels of caffeine
4. High levels of sugar/ acidity