A6 - Essay Writing 4 - Language & Style

Essay Writing 4
Language and Writing Style

A6 - Periode II
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Slide 1: Tekstslide
EngelsMiddelbare schoolhavo, vwoLeerjaar 5,6

In deze les zitten 32 slides, met interactieve quizzen en tekstslides.

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Essay Writing 4
Language and Writing Style

A6 - Periode II

Slide 1 - Tekstslide

Slide 2 - Tekstslide

Slide 3 - Tekstslide

Slide 4 - Tekstslide

Slide 5 - Tekstslide

Formal writing tends to include the following:

  • Does not use contractions: Would use “cannot” instead of “can’t”
     
  • Long and complex sentences: Sentences tend to be compound and contain commas to link two ideas or use transitions like “Furthermore” and “To exemplify,”

Slide 6 - Tekstslide

Formal writing tends to include the following:

  • Objective: Does not offer personal opinions
  • Doesn’t use colloquial language: You won’t see any slang or common everyday vocabulary
  • Diverse vocabulary words: Vocabulary is of a higher level
  • Use of words that are subject-specific: For example, if you are writing about biology, you’d use words like “epithelial cells” instead of “skin cells”
  • Use of third person: Does not use first person pronouns like “I” or “me”

Slide 7 - Tekstslide

1. Linking Words
- Shows how your arguments / paragraphs are connected
- "Moreover, On the contrary, Nevertheless, Additionally"
- Check the list in your reader, also for other useful phrases

- Personal opinion: "In my view, To my mind, I believe that, ..."
- Concluding: "Finally, All in all, On the whole, In conclusion, ..."
- Etc. 

Slide 8 - Tekstslide

1. Linking Words
- Toevoegen:        Moreover, Furthermore, Additionally, Also, And
- Tegen gaan:       However, But, Yet, While, Despite, In contrast
- Benadrukken:   Especially, Particularly, Clearly, Importantly
- Ordenen:             First, Second, Finally, Previously, Before, 
- Gevolg geven:   Therefore, Thus, Hence, As a result, So 
- Voorbeeld:          For example, For instance, Such as, Like
- Vergelijken:        Similarly, Likewise, Just as, Equally, Same as

Slide 9 - Tekstslide

1. Linking Words
- Samenvatten:     In conclusion, In short, To summarise
- Reden geven:      Because of, In fact, In order to, Due to
- Toegeven:             Admittedly, Even though, Even if, Although
- Voorwaarde:        If, In case, Unless
- Generalisatie:      In general, Overall, Generally

Slide 10 - Tekstslide

Relative pronouns
Who = people
Which = animals & objects
Whose = bezit 
That = both

"This is the car which I bought in 2013."
"The boy, whose bike had been stolen, was late for school."

Slide 11 - Tekstslide

Relative pronouns
  • Link to a word previously mentioned
  • Links up two parts of the sentence

Martin played Tennis with Sophie, who was slightly injured.





relative pronoun
Noa sold her phone, which was old and damaged.
relative pronoun

Slide 12 - Tekstslide

Defining relative clauses
Defining relative clauses:  essential information
  • In the middle or end of sentence
  • No commas!




He is the doctor who helped my grandmother.


This is the airport where I lost my bag.

Slide 13 - Tekstslide

Non-defining relative clauses
Non-defining relative clauses:  additional information
  • In the middle or end of sentence
  • Starts and ends with comma
  • No use of that





The Times, which is published in London, is a daily newspaper.


The Times is a daily newspaper.

Slide 14 - Tekstslide

Relative pronouns
You can leave out relative pronouns if:
  • it is a 'defining relative clause'
  • the pronoun does NOT relate to the subject
  • there is a pronoun behind it







The flowers which he gave me were beautiful.


Persoonlijk: ik, jij, hij, etc.
Bezittelijk: mijn, zijn, onze, etc.
Wederkerend: me, je, zich, etc.
The flowers he gave me were beautiful.

Slide 15 - Tekstslide

11. Is that the man _____ car got stolen?
A
Who
B
Which
C
Whose

Slide 16 - Quizvraag

After eating lunch at The Cheesecake Factory, Tim went to the gym to exercise.
A
simple
B
compound
C
complex

Slide 17 - Quizvraag

1. He couldn't get the machine to work ______ having read the instructions.
A
however
B
despite
C
contrary to
D
nevertheless

Slide 18 - Quizvraag

2. _____ the computer had recently been repaired, it still kept crashing.
A
Whereas
B
Therefore
C
Although
D
Hence

Slide 19 - Quizvraag

3. _____ his best efforts, he did not win the election.
A
Due to
B
In spite of
C
Nevertheless
D
On behalf of

Slide 20 - Quizvraag

12. My neighbour's dog, ____ was over 15 years old, passed away last week.
A
Who
B
Which
C
Whose

Slide 21 - Quizvraag

13. My brother is the only one ____ can repair your computer.
A
who
B
which
C
whose

Slide 22 - Quizvraag

14. My history teacher, ____ lessons are always really good, is going to retire next year.
A
who
B
which
C
whose

Slide 23 - Quizvraag

15. Evan, ___ bike got stolen last week, got a brand new one from his grandparents.
A
who
B
which
C
whose

Slide 24 - Quizvraag

4. The company was doing badly and ______ it had to close down.
A
because of
B
consequently
C
since
D
due to

Slide 25 - Quizvraag

Don't:
- Don't use abbreviations (etc. = etcetera, vs. = versus)

- Don't use contractions (don't = do not, won't = will not, 
   I'm = I am, can't = cannot, it's = it is, we'd = we had / we would)

- Don't switch between tenses too often. Try to stick mostly to 
   either the present or the past tense.

Slide 26 - Tekstslide

Do:
- Do: add as many linking words as possibe
   (moreover, however, in addition, furthermore, firstly, secondly)

- Do: use linking words such as "However" and "Moreover" at 
   the beginning of your sentences, and "but" / "and" in the 
   middle of them. 

Slide 27 - Tekstslide

Common Grammar Mistakes
- Their (their house), They're (they are), There (there is no water)
- We're (we are), where (where were you?)
- Than (= vergelijkingen, bigger than), then (= toen/daarna)
- Witch (= heks), which (= welke), wich (= x)

- Noun vs. Verb: Effect (= een effect), affect (= beïnvloeden)
- Plural: child/children    "New York and London are (not is)"

Slide 28 - Tekstslide

Common Spelling Mistakes
- Capital letters: i > I , new york > New York   
- Verb instead of the noun: live = life , believe = belief  
- Missing letters: interpet = interpret , suprise = surprise 
- Added letters: aible = able , neccessary = necessary 
- Mixed up letters: maby = maybe , definetely = definitely 

When unsure, look it up! Especially if you have time left! 

Slide 29 - Tekstslide

Vocabulary
- Think about words with similar meanings, even for simple
    words: "he says" > claims, argues, believes, states

- Think of alternatives in Dutch and translate those to English
   (so use your dictionary):
   boos > woedend, kwaad, gefrustreerd, vol haat, ...
   angry > furious, pissed off, frustrated, resentful, ...

Slide 30 - Tekstslide

Most importantly...
- Reread your essay! 
- Check your grammar!
- Check your spelling!
- Add some linking words / nicer vocabulary!

I often see too many mistakes that you could have seen yourself, because people want to quickly hand it in and leave. 

Slide 31 - Tekstslide

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