Unit 4: modals and semi-modals

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• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 4

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Today

The Cuckoo's Calling: speaking

Unit 4  and exam folder 4 

     listening and speaking

     modals and semi-modals

     work according to your planner/ ask questions

Speaking

Depending on how much you have read, discuss in good English (or inform your speaking partner) about the book.

First watch part of the video.

video

https://vimeopro.com/michaelkeillor/shorts/video/243099189

4:50 - 12:52

Questions

Who is the woman that leaves when Robin arrives? How is she related to Strike?

   

How does the relationship between Cormoran and Robin develop?

Mention the various reasons why she wants to stop working for Strike after the case was solved.

unit 4

acting on advice

what is an auxiliary verb?
which ones do you know>

words associated with advice

unit 4

Acting on advice

p. 28

speaking

Have you ever been in situations like the ones in the photos on page 28?

What happened?

What problem did you have? 

listening

listen to someone giving instructions. 

In what situation would you expect to hear them?

OA CD1 nr 6

Which grammatical structures are used?

Come into the room, quietly.

Can you look for your candiate number on the desk and sit there?  

modals and semi-modals

Now work individually. The next slides are meant to explain the grammar on p. 30.

You can study them, or you can use the information in your book.

Start with  5 minutes of silence, then work together if you like.

modals and semi-modals

ability

ability in the present : can

general ability in the past: could

He's happy he can afford new shoes.

When I was younger I could touch my toes quite easily.

achievement or something that was done with difficulty: was/were able to + infinitive 

He was able to lift the heavy container after five attempts.

to express that someone was successful on a specific occasion.

Were you able to talk to your teacher about getting help with your homework?

modals and semi-modals

permission

prohibition

to express permission in present and general time: can

(to express prohibition in present and general time: can't)

You can leave after cleaning the tables.

You can't shake hands anymore

to express permission in the past : could

(to express prohibition in the past: could't)

You could shake shands and kiss people to greet them before March 2020

You could not vote when you were a women in the past

to express permission in the present: may

to express prohibition in the present: may not

Members may leave their umbrellas with the porter.

Members may not invite foreigners to dine at the gentleman's club.

modals and semi-modals

requests, suggestions and polite orders

to make offers and requests and to give polite orders and suggestions: can (informal), could (neutral)

Can I carry that shopping bag for you? (offer)

Could you send me a reply soon? ( request)

You can fill in this form and send it in by mail. ( polite order/suggestion)

to request permission in very formal situations: might

Might I get your signature?

modals and semi-modals

possibility, probability

to speculate about the present and future: may/might/could

lowest probability/ certainty: might

moderate probability / certainty: may

high probability/certainty: could

to speculate about the past:may have, might have, could have + past participle

to talk about possibilities in the past that didn't happen: may have, might have, could have + past participle

negative certainty about the present based on evidence: can't

negative certainty about the past based on evidence: can't have + past participle

to talk about theoretical possibility: can  / could ( less confidence than can)

to speculate about about events and situation in the immediate present and in the future: may/might/could + be + verb

   It might rain

It may rain

  It could rain

modals and semi-modals

obligation

to say what you think is necessary or to recommend  someone else to do something: must / have to

You must do your homework.

You have to drive more slowly.

used to say what someone else has told you to do, the speaker is not giving their own opinion.: have to 

She said I had to do my homework

modals and semi-modals

necessity

To say what is necessary: need to / don't need to + past participle

You need to sign the form before sending it in.

to say it wasn't necessary to do something, so you didn't: didn't need to

I didn't need to help him after all.

to say you did something but it wasn't necessary: needn't have + past participle

I needn't have bothered. 

vocabulary

Make words negative by placing a prefix in front of the word.

dis-               

non-

il-

mis-

im-

un-

in-

ir-

do exercise  1 and 2

words starting with p or m get im-

words starting with l get il-

words starting with r get ir-

change 

in

meaning

vocabulary

You can add a suffix to a word to change the part of speech. To make adjectives add:

-able

-ation

-ency

-ful

-ly

-less

-ment

-ness

change the

part of speech

Test:

Objective Advanced chapters 1 – 4 and Use of English (exam folders 1-4).

Only learn the exercises indicated on your planner.

For all texts: understand the texts completely (i.e. be able to translate/explain every word / sentence in the context, to make a gap text (the missing words are given on top), to make a gap text when some words are omitted (open close).

Grammar: also learn the grammar explanation in the Grammar Folder (from p. 162). Be able to do the same kind of grammatical assignments as in the book.

Vocabulary: learn English-English, make sure you also know the meaning in Dutch!