15-06 : revision past perfect + indirect speech

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 3

TODAY

Revision :

- Past perfect

- Indirect speech

J. Grammar

15. Past perfect p. 79 TB

Past Perfect

Had + voltooid deelwoord

1. I watched TV after I had done my homework.
   
2. After he had signed a contract, he started his training again.
   

How does it work?

Present Simple - I work hard every day.

Past Simple - I lost my keys yesterday.

Present Perfect - I have lost my keys.

Past Perfect - They had left before the show ended.

How does it work?

Past Perfect        -           had + past participle

something happened in the past before something else happened in the past.

 

When do you use Past Perfect?

- If you want to add information to a story / text.

- If you want to tell something that happened before something else happened in the past.

It is the past of the past.

I had always walked home until I bought my first car.

We                           away the flowers that we

had given

gave

had received

received

Yesterday a boy                                the snowman that we

had destroyed

destroyed

had built

built

Direct and indirect speech

Reported Speech

Directe Rede/ Direct Speech:  She always said "I love watching football".

Indirecte Rede / Indirect Speech: My grandmother always said that she loved watching football.

Grammar explanation: Indirect Speech

Grammar explanation: Indirect speech 

(page 75 + 165)

Directe rede = Als iemand iets zelf  zegt

Indirecte rede = Wanneer je wilt vertellen wat iemand anders heeft gezegd. 

Direct speech = John: "I am going home".

Indirect speech = John said (that) he was going home.

Wat is er veranderd aan de zin om er indirecte rede van te maken?

Grammar explanation: Indirect Speech

Grammar explanation: Indirect speech

(page 75 + 165)

Je gaat 1 stap terug op de tijdlijn:

present simple >> past simple

present continuous >> past continuous

present perfect >> past perfect

past simple >> past perfect

Grammar explanation: Indirect Speech

Grammar explanation: Indirect speech 

(page 75 + 165)

present simple >> past simple

Kate: "I work hard every day.

She said that she worked hard every day.

present continuous >> past continuous

John: "I am going home".

John said (that) he was going home.

Grammar explanation: Indirect Speech

Grammar explanation: Indirect speech 

(page 75 + 165)

present perfect >> past perfect

Jayden: "I have lived here for 10 years."

Jayden said that he had lived here for 10 years.

past simple >> past perfect

Grandma: 'I forgot my books at your house.'

Grandma said that she had forgotten her books at our house.

Grammar 1: indirect speech

• How do you write a sentence in indirect speech?

1. Your indirect speech sentence should look like this: 
   name/personal pronoun + said/told (that) + what was said
2. Look at the original sentence. Which tense is it written in?
3. Now that you know the tense, which tense should you use for the indirect speech sentence?

STAPJE TERUG IN DE TIJD

DIRECT SPEECH                                     INDIRECT SPEECH

present simple                   ----->        past simple

present continuous         ----->        past continuous

past simple                          ----->        past perfect

present perfect                 ----->         past perfect

Stapje terug in de tijd

I work -> I worked

I am working -> I was working

I worked  -> I had worked

Grammar explanation: Indirect Speech

Grammar explanation: Indirect speech 

(page 75 + 165)

Zet de volgende zinnen in de indirecte rede:

Samantha: "I have a nice car".

Mr. Jones: "I am doing the dishes".

Jayden: "I have lived here for 10 years."

Jim: "Our neighbours moved last year."

Grammar explanation: Indirect Speech

Grammar explanation: Indirect speech 

(page 75 + 165)

Samantha: "I have a nice car". 

Samantha said that she had a nice car.

Mr. Jones: "I am doing the dishes". 

Mr. Jones said that he was doing the dishes.

Jayden: "I have lived here for 10 years." 

Jayden said that he had lived here for 10 years.

Jim: "The neighbours moved last year." 

Jim said that the neighbours had moved last year.

Grammar explanation: Indirect Speech

Grammar explanation: Indirect speech 

(page 75 + 165)

LET OP: vaak moet je het persoonlijk voornaamwoord, bezittelijk voornaamwoord en/of tijdsaanduiding aanpassen:

Samantha: "I have a nice car". Samantha said that she had a nice car.

Mr. Jones: "I am doing the dishes". Mr. Jones said that he was doing the dishes.

Jayden: "I will do it right now." Jayden said that he would do it straight away.

Jim: "Our neighbours moved last year." Jim said that their neighbours had moved last year.

Mum: "Dad has never been late in his life."

1. Mum said dad had never been late in his life.
2. Mum said dad was never late in his life.
3. Mum said dad has never been late in his life.
4. Mum said dad was never been late in his life.

Teacher: "I am going to the cinema."

1. The teacher said he was going to the cinema.
2. The teacher said he is going to the cinema.
3. The teacher said I was going to the cinema.
4. The teacher said he had gone to the cinema.

Firemen: 'We have extinguished the fire in your kitchen.'

Brandon: 'I don't want to hurt your feelings.'

Our guests: 'Your restaurant is the best in town!'

My teacher: 'Can you hand in your stories tomorrow?'

The author: 'I spent almost five years writing this story.'

The reporter: 'A disaster has taken place in Japan.'

I: 'Could you show me the story you've been working on?'