Interbellum in Germany

• Geschiedenis
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 3

Recap:

Revolution and Recovery

The Bosheviks are:

1. Russian socialist party that wanted a small movement of ‘professional revolutionaries’ to be the only ones with power in a socialist Russia. Lenin was the leader of this party.
2. Nickname for the Italian Fascists, after the black, military-style uniform its members wore in public.
3. Organisations of civilians that arm themselves and use violence to achieve their political goals. They often act like the army, but are not an official part of a country's military.
4. Council of workers and soldiers set up in 1917 after the February Revolution that agreed to share power with the Provisional Government until elections could be held.

Council of workers and soldiers set up in 1917 after the February Revolution that agreed to share power with the Provisional Government until elections could be held.

1. Soviet
2. Duma
3. Fascists
4. Blackshirts

First Russian Revolution in 1917, when massive protests by workers and soldiers broke out against a lack of food and fuel, rising prices and the First World War forced tsar Nicholas II to abdicate. A provisional government was set up until elections could be held.

1. October Revolution
2. March on Rome
3. Hyperinflation
4. February Revolution

October Revolution

1. Group or movement that has extremely conservative or reactionary ideas, such as the Italian Fascist Party or Hitler's Nazi party.
2. Period in history between 1923 and 1929 that saw a global economic boom. This period saw rapid modernisation of everyday life in the Western world.
3. The overthrow of the Provisional Government, by the Bolsheviks, headed by Lenin.
4. Left-wing paramilitary group of armed civilians that helped overthrow the Provisional Government during the October Revolution in Russia.

Payments made by Germany (and Austria-Hungary) to the Allies for damages caused during the First World War.

1. Tsar
2. Reparations
3. League of Nations
4. Weimar Republic

Period in history between 1923 and 1929 that saw a global economic boom, based on massive loans taken out by many people. This period saw rapid modernisation of everyday life in the Western world.

1. Interbellum
2. February Revolution
3. Roaring Twenties
4. Russian Civil War

Organisations of civilians that arm themselves and use violence to achieve their political goals. They often act like the army, but are not an official part of a country's military.

1. Black Shirts
2. Soviet
3. Duma
4. Paramilitary Organisations

Political ideology that wanted to establish an authoritarian, nationalist and militaristic regime.

1. Fascism
2. Communism
3. Socialism
4. Totalitarianism

Which of the following is not a characterisic of fascism

1. Thriving on doubt, calling enemies 'fake'
2. Creating a feeling of 'us' versus 'them'
3. Nationalistic
4. Democratic

Characteristiscs of fascism (1)

• Fascism follows a strong, charismatic leader (Dictator)

• Fascisme thrives on doubt: Fascists often make their own truth. They question all other ideas and call their opponents as 'fake'

• Fascism is anti-democratic: Fascists think that democracies are ineffective.

Characteristics of fascism (2)

• Fascism is nationalistic: your own nation/people before everything else
  

• Fascism creates a feeling of 'us' versus 'them': Fascists need a perceived (ingebeelde) enemy to rally their supporters against.

Characteristics of fascism(3)

• Violence is good: Less talking, more fighting (for the cause)

• Fascism is often totalitarian: Fascists thought that the government should control all aspects of life.

Weimar Germany

After the First World War, German Empire was overthrown

Socialists, together with the chancellor, founded a new government

Met in the town of Weimar, ruled via coalition governments

Weimar Germany

• Weak institutions;
• Little faith in democracy;
• Uprisings and revolts;
• Diktat of Versailles;
• Reparations;
• Hyperinflation and Ruhr occupation

Germany

1924-1929

The German economy recovered and prosperity increased.

What was the reason for this?

1. The Dawes-plan
2. Hyperinflation
3. Ruhr-occupation by France
4. Germany paid off their Reparations

Wall Street Crash: 1929

How could the Stock Market Crash of 1929 help extreme political parties?

Fast-forward to today. What major disruptive event is going on that might lead to enthusiasm for far-right or extreme political parties?

Which (far-right) extreme political parties profited from the current crisis and why?

Look at the video. Answer the main question: Why did the Weimar Republic fail? Give three reasons.

The rise of Adolf Hitler

1923: Bierkellerputsch

Coup d'Etat

Hitler arrested

Anti-Semitism  racism

Heim ins Reich

Lebensraum

'Racial doctrine'

Great Depression in Germany:

• 30% unemployment
• Governments failed
• SA violence
• Propaganda by the NSDAP

How did Adolf Hitler come to power?
List as many reasons as you can!

To Do:

LB 3.2: Basics, question (2, 3) 4 and 5