3.2 The Second World War

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Chapter 3

3.2 The Second World War

Welcome!

At the end of this lesson...

• You can explain what Hitler’s motives were for his plans to conquer countries.
  
• You can explain how Germany and Japan started the Second World War.

Today

• What do you know already? (+- 10 min) 

Homework check

The Second
World War

No more Treaty of Versailles

• Militarising the Rhineland in 1936 (an area of Germany on the border with France and Belgium). 
• Hitler made the German army much stronger than was allowed. 

Der Anschluß

March 1938

• Hitler wants all Germans in one Great German Empire (Heim ins Reich). 
• He cleverly takes advantage of the political chaos in Austria and plays on the feelings of the Austrian people.
• He takes Austria and declares it part of the German Empire

The ballot paper with which Austrians can indicate whether they want to belong to Germany...

Munich Conference

September 1938

• France and England were shocked by the Anschluß.
• Hitler promises that there will be no war if he gets  Sudetenland, Czechoslovakia.
• Germany, England, France and Italy reach an agreement.

Appeasement: The approach to foreign policy adopted by France and Britain in the 1930s, aiming to avoid war with Germany by acceding to Hitler’s wishes rather than antagonizing him.

Just like Austria, Sudetenland falls under the Heim ins Reich policy, whereby all areas with Germans must become part of Germany again. After the First World War,  Sudetenland became part of the new state of Czechoslovakia.

Hitler had alliance with Mussolini since 1936. They formed an ''Axis'' in Europe: the Axis Powers

Hitler occupies Czechoslovakia

March 1939

• Although Hitler had said in Munich that he would be satisfied with  Sudetenland, he occupied the whole of Czechoslovakia six months later.

• England and France condemn the occupation, but do nothing.

Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact

August 1939

• Hitler and Stalin are each other's political enemies
• However, Hitler wants to be sure that the Soviet Union will not start a war against him if Germany attacks Poland.
• They sign a non-aggression pact.

Germany attacks Poland

September 1st 1939

Hitler indicates that he must respond to a Polish attack on a German radio station. The Germans staged this attack

Start of the Second World War

September 3rd 1939

After the German attack on Poland, England and France can only do one thing:

Declare war on Germany...

Homework

3.2 exercise 1, 2, 3 and 4

Chapter 3

3.2 The Second World War

Welcome!

At the end of this lesson...

• You can explain how Germany and Japan started the Second World War.
  
• You can explain how the Second World War ended in Europe and Asia.

Today

• What do you know already? (+- 10 min) 
• Explanation (+- 25 min)
• Did you understand (+- 10 min)

Name an important event that happened during the Second World War

Copy the title and date of each slide into your notebook!

The first three months

end of 1939 - beginning of 1940

• The first phase of the war happens mostly in Eastern Europe.
• Because of the agreements made in the Molotov-von Ribbentroppact, the Soviet-Union attacks Poland from the east.

Blitzkrieg in Western Europe

april-july 1940

• The war seems far away....
• This changes in the spring of 1940 when the Germans literally 'roll up' Europe with enormous speed and superior strength.
• This way of warfare  is called Blitzkrieg.
  

The Netherlands surrenders

15th of May 1940

• Although in some places the Dutch army offered more resistance than the Germans had expected, after the bombing of Rotterdam, the Dutch government can do nothing but surrender (capitulate) to the Germans.

France surrenders

22nd June 1940

• A part of France, Vichy,  does not become occupied. They collaborate with the Germans (Vichy France)

Battle of Britain

July - October 1940

• The German attack on Britain. Thanks in part to the invention of radar, Great Britain is able to defend itself against Germany.

• However, it doesn't mean Great-Britain doesn't get bombed by the Germans....
  

...during the whole war England, especially London, will be heavily bombed. First by bombers, but later also by the V1 and V2 missiles.

The people of London take refuge in the Underground during a German air raid. In addition, the British government had an evacuation plan: 'Pied Piper', in which mainly children, mothers and pregnant women would be sent to the safe countryside.

This poster was commissioned by the British government to give people confidence. They would win the war.

Operation Barbarossa

June - December 1941

• Despite the non-agression pact, Germany attacks the Soviet-Union.
• Hitler needs ''Lebensraum'' and resources for his people. 

Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor

7th of December 1941

• Axis Power Japan wants to be powerful in Asia.
• To reach this goal, they attack the American marinebase Pearl Harbor on Hawaii by surprise. 
• With the destroyed US fleet, Japan has free rein in Asia

The US at war

8th of December 1941

• One day after the attack, the United States declared war on Japan.

Because of the agreements the Axis Powers made, Germany and Italy declare war on the United States on December 11th

Japan occupies the Dutch East Indies 

March 1942

• The Dutch are locked up in ''Jappenkampen''
• The conditions are terrible: poor hygiene, hunger and corporal punishment
• Women sometimes have to work as prostitutes (''troostmeisjes).

Battle of Stalingrad         

August 1942 - February 1943

• Due to the icy cold and poor supplies, the German army is defeated.
• Hitler has to give up: Stalingrad turns out to be unconquerable.
• It becomes a turning point in the war: the Soviet Union begins to push back at the German army.

D-Day

6th of June 1944

• The Normandy landings finally brought a front in the West, something Stalin had long requested.
• De D in D-Day stands for Decision.
  

Liberation of the Netherlands

5th of May 1945

Germany surrenders

8th of May 1945

Atomic bomb on Hiroshima

6th of August 1945

Atomic bomb on Nagasaki

9th of August 1945

Japan surrenders

15th of August 1945

• The atomic bombs cause major destruction. Japan has no other choice but to surrender.

How did the Second World War start?

How did the second world war end in Europe and Asia?

Homework

- Paragraph 3.2 exercise 4, 5, 6, 8 , 10, 11 and 14