3.1 Water is moving

• Aardrijkskunde
• Middelbare school
• vmbo t, mavo, havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 2

3.1 Water is moving

Part 1

Get your notebook and a pen.
Answer these questions:

1. Would you build a village here?

2. Why would you or wouldn't you build a village here?

Learning outcomes 3.1

- You know how the short and long water cycle works and in which forms water is stored.

- You understand why a lot of water is unsuitable or inaccessible to humans.

- You can explain how ocean currents arise and why they have consequences for the areas they flow to.

Small and long water cycle

Small and long water cycle

The small water cycle

• Water cycle = "the process by which seawater flows back to the sea after evaporation from the sea via clouds, precipitation, groundwater and rivers."
  The sun is the engine here.

1. Seawater evaporates by the sun.
2. Water vaporises, cools and condensates: clouds with precipitation.
3. The rainwater goes back into the sea.

Small water cycle

The long water cycle

The long water cycle

1. Seawater evaporates by the sun.
2. Water vaporises, cools and condensates: clouds with precipitation.
3. The wind blows the clouds over land.
4. Precipitation falls over land and the water returns to the sea via rivers and as groundwater.

Forms of water in the water cycle:

2. Liquid:

- Rain

1. Fixed:

- Ice or snow

3. Gaseous:

- Water vapour

Long water cycle

• Evaporation
• Condensation
• Precipitation
• Infiltration

Make ex 1 and 2 on page 122

Write in your notebook the differences between the small water cycle and the long water cycle.

In the small cycle, the evaporated seawater returns directly to the same sea as precipitation.

In the long cycle, rain or snow ends up on the mainland. It can take a very long time before the water returns to the sea.

Look at Source 7 in your book on page 121.

We have Fresh water and Salt water.

Extra info

River course

River course

Upper

Middle

Lower

Delta

Sediment

Write this down

1. The upper reaches: high in the mountains, where the river originates. Due to the large difference in height, the river flows quickly and the erosive force is great.

2. The middle course: the middle part where the river runs through a valley where it has cut itself.

3. The lower reaches: close to the mouth where the river flows through a river plain. The current speed is low and this increases sedimentation.

3.1 Water is moving

Part 2

Learning outcomes 3.1

- You know how the short and long water cycle works and in which forms water is stored.

- You understand why a lot of water is unsuitable or inaccessible to humans.

- You can explain how ocean currents arise and why they have consequences for the areas they flow to.

What is the difference again between the small and long water cycle?

What could we drink?

Salt water or Fresh water?

Salt water

Salt water is water in which salt has been dissolved. Salt water contains more salt than a person can process when drinking it, because salt absorbs moisture. Drinking salt water will only make you thirstier and drinking large amounts can cause poisoning and it will dehydrate your body.

Fresh water

Fresh water is drinkable. But fresh water in lakes, surface water and groundwater is often so polluted that it is dangerous to drink without purification.

Fresh water vs. salt water

• 97,5% salt water
• 2,5% fresh water

> water extraction in 3 ways

1. groundwater

2. surface water

3. surface water with dune infiltration

Groundwater

Rainwater sinks into the ground.

This means there is a lot of water deep underground. This water in the ground is called groundwater.

 In some places the groundwater is not that deep. In those places you can already see the water if you dig a hole one meter deep.

Surface water

Water in rivers, lakes and ditches is called surface water.

 Surface water can be seen everywhere in the country.

 Surface water is called freshwater. Surface water contains little salt.

Land ice and glaciers

(solid form)

Most freshwater is frozen - 69% of all freshwater.

Land ice - Ice on land.

Glacier - Ice mass in the mountains.

Drinking water purification from groundwater

Drinking water purification from surface water

Write in your notebook what the difference is between groundwater and surface water.

Surface water can be found in oceans, seas and lakes, for example. Groundwater is water that has seeped into the soil and rocks.

Ocean currents

Warm ocean current = Ocean current that carries warm water from the equator to higher latitudes.

Cold ocean current = Ocean current that carries cold water from the polar regions to lower latitudes.

These ocean currents have a major influence on the climate.

Homework Geo

3.1: 3, 4 and 6