H5 - plurals and short stories

• Middelbare school

H5 - Plural forms

Car - Cars

House - Houses

Tomato - Tomatoes

Shelf - Shelves

Handkerchief - HandkerchieFs

Sheep - sheep

Plurals

Blue booklet

ex. B/C - p. 25/26

Nouns - plural forms - part I

1. -S What is the common plural form?.
   
2. When do nouns take "-ES" as their plural form? (Rule + exceptions)
   
3. When do nouns take "-IES" as their plural form (Rule + exceptions)
   
4. When do nouns take "-VES" as their plural form (Rule + exceptions)
   
5. Which 3 other plural forms other than the above exist? > chairs/trees/dogs etc.
   

1. -ES -> kisses/buses/watches/boxes etc.
   
2. -ES -> tomatoes/potatoes/heroes etc. -> STUDY THE EXCEPTIONS (e.g. photos)
   
3. -Y -> ie -> ladies/babies/cries etc. -> STUDY THE EXCEPTIONS (e.g. turkeys
   
4. -F -> ves -> thieves/loaves/lives etc. -> STUDY THE EXCEPTIONS (e.g. handkerchiefs)
   
5. -EN -> children/oxen / Change in vowel -> foot-feet, mouse-mice, louse-lice, goose-geese, woman-women etc. -> STUDY!!!!!/ Singular = Plural -> sheep/series/means/deer/Chinese (-ese) etc. -> STUDY!!!!

Nouns - plural forms

• Agreement Subject/noun (countable) -> Both men put out their cigarettes/ Women love cats (Women love coffee/Women love their cups of coffee in the morning.)
  

• Plural noun as adjective takes singular form -> a twenty-pound note, a hundred-dollar bill
  

• Crew/family/team/cattle/people/police -> plural form when referring to all members -> The police have arrested the thieves./Dutch people don't want to give up Sinterklaas.
  

• People (volk)/Peoples (volkeren) -> the indigenous peoples of North Africa

T

Short stories

Today's objective - second hour

You will know about :

Short story

Setting

Characters

Incident

Read Lamb to the Slaughter

Short story

A brief story (3-5 p. up to 12-20 p.)

with a few characters, a simple plot, a conflict, 

and suspense

which leads to a climax & swift conclusion

Can be read in one sitting

Short story

Four elements of a short story:

1. Plot 
   
2. Setting
   
3. Characters
   
4. Theme
   

Plot

1. introduction (setting/characters/narrative hook = question/statement that grabs the reader's attention)
   
2. inciting incident (an action that sets the story in motion)
   
3. rising action
   
4. climax (pivotal moment; highest point of emotion)
   
5. falling action
   
6. resolution
   

Narrative hook

A question or statement that grabs the reader's attention 

(in plot's introduction)

Inciting incident

An ACTION (what someone does/says) 

that gets the ball rolling,

sets the story in motion

Setting

1. The time (day/season/present/future)
   
2. The location (country/planet/town/buildings/surroundings)
   

-> creates mood (author's attitude towards subject matter)

-> creates atmosphere (feeling that setting evokes, e.g. eerie)

Characters

Work in pairs to answer the following:

1. What types of characters are there in a short story?
   
2. What are their roles in the plot?
   
3. How does the reader find out about the character traits (physical/personality)?
   

Characters

• Protagonist - "good guy", main character that solves conflict
  
• Antagonist - "bad buy", creates conflict for the main character
  
• Secondary characters - move the plot along, may not be involved in conflict
  

Character traits

1. What the character him/herself does & says 
   
2. What the other characters say or do about the character
   
3. What the author states directly?
   
4. Whatthe author implies (suggests/not explicitly written)
   

Roald Dahl

Short stories with a narrative twist (surprise ending)

Answer the questions

Groups of 4

Lamb to the Slaughter (=HW)

Answer in pairs. Use the short story in your booklet:

1. What part of the story did we listen to?
   
2. What can you say about the setting (time/location)?
   
3. What is the atmosphere (how do you feel)?
   
4. Describe the personalities of Mr. and Mrs. Maloney.
   
5. What is the inciting incident - what happens that sets off the story?
   
6. Who is the protagonist and who is the antagonist? Explain
   

Homework

• Review questions
  
• Review literary devices: 
  

plot/setting/atmosphere/characters 

• Reread story
  

Finish reading & answer = HW 

1. What is the first conflict in Lamb to the Slaughter?
   
2. How does Mary solve this?
   
3. What is the climax of Lamb to the Slaughter?
   
4. What is the second conflict in Lamb to the Slaugher?
   
5. How does Mary solve this?
   
6. What are Mary's internal conflicts?
   
7. What are Mary's external conflicts (2)?
   
8. What is the narrative twist at the end of the story?
   

Next class (Friday Nov. 29th)

• Conflict
  
• Narrative twist
  
• Rising/Falling action
  
• Theme