Test week period 2

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 3

Test week

Units 2, 3, 5, 8

Unit 2: Narrative tenses, used to and would

Unit 3: Past simple vs present perfect, Present perfect simple and present perfect continuous

Unit 5: first and second conditionals, Modals of obligation, permission, and prohibition, should and ought to

Unit 8: Third conditional, speculating about the past

Unit 2

Narrative tenses

Narrative tenses

Narrative = story

Tenses = times you indicate with your verbs

Narrative tenses = tenses that you use to tell a story

Narrative Tenses

Narrative tenses are used to tell a story or talk about events in the past.

Past simple: state and actions at a definite time in the past. ( Main events)

                                       I left university in 2010.

Past continuous: Things that were going on in the past. ( Background info)

                                      I was walking down the street when I suddenly heard a

                                      loud noise.

Past Perfect: to make clear that one action happened before another.

                                      I didn't have any money because I had lost my wallet.

Narrative tenses

Unit 2

Used to and would

	habits and repeated actions	states	things that happened once
used to	x	x
would	x
past simple	x	x	x

    I used to love energy drinks when I was 16

X I would love energy drinks when I was 16

X One day in September when I was 16 I used to have an energy drink

Unit 3

Past simple vs present perfect

Past Simple

What	Past simple
When	To say that something happened in the past.
How/Form	Add –ed OR an irregular form.
Signal words	Yesterday, last week, last month, two days ago, four days ago, months ago, a second ago, etc.
Examples	He walked her home last night. I talked to him on the phone yesterday. She tried to close her book but a fly got caught in between the pages.

Present perfect

Present Perfect

	VB. Ethan has known Sam for three years.
	VB. I have never eaten Sushi.
	VB. We 've washed the car so now it's clean again.

Present perfect vs Past simple

We use the present perfect to talk about an experience at any time in the past. The exact time it happened is not inportant.

Have you ever tried herring?

We use the past simple to talk about a specific occasion in the past.

I talked to my friend last night.

Signal words

To identify the past simple look for time expressions. Last night, yesterday, two weeks ago, in 2020, etc.

Unit 3

Present perfect simple and present perfect continuous

Present perfect continuous

De present perfect continuous maak je als volgt:

has / have (not) been + infinitief (hele werkwoord) + ing. 

We have been studying all day.

Grammar explanation

Je gebruikt deze tijd om aan te geven dat iets is begonnen in het verleden en nu nog voortduurt: I have been playing fortnight all morning.

Je gebruikt de present perfect continuous als je wilt benadrukken dat je vindt dat iets al lang aan de gang is, of om te benadrukken dat iets nog niet afgerond is:  This quarantine has been going on since March.

 Je gebruikt de present perfect continuous ook als iets ‘de laatste tijd’ vaker gebeurt: The sun has been shining a lot lately.

Verschil present perfect en present perfect continuous

De present perfect en de present perfect continuous lijken veel op elkaar. Het is dan ook niet gek dat er soms verwarring ontstaat bij het gebruik van deze tijden.

Het grootste verschil heeft te maken met de afronding en invloed van de beschreven actie. De present perfect wordt vooral gebruikt bij acties die afgelopen zijn, maar nog wel invloed hebben op het hier en nu. De present perfect continuous gaat vooral over acties die nog steeds voortduren.

EXAMPLE
 present perfect simple & present perfect continuous:

I’ve been decorating the house this summer (P.P.C).
Nadruk: tijdsduur

I’ve painted the house blue (P.P).
Nadruk: resultaat

Unit 5

First and second conditionals

Conditionals

Conditionals

Unit 5

Modals of obligation, permission, and prohibition

Modals

Must = Moet

Have to = Moet

Can = Kan

May = Mag

Must not/mustn't = niet verplicht

Don't/doesn't have to = Hoeft niet, (Maar is aangeraden!!)

Can't/cannot = Niet mogelijk

May not = mag niet

Unit 5

Should and ought to

modals : should (ought to)

past:  should/ ought to  have + past participle

'iets (eigenlijk) zou moeten'

- should + hele werkwoord:

You should talk to the authorities about this. 

- ought to + hele werkwoord: 

You really ought to know. 

Verschil ought to - should 

Dit verschil is KLEIN. 

SHOULD	OUGHT TO:
Informeel	Formeel
Minder sterk	Sterker
Advies aan jezelf of mensen die je goed kent	Advies vanuit autoriteiten etc.

Should / ought to

* Ought to is formeel en de betekenis is iets sterker.

Should/ought to - zou(den) eigenlijk moeten
Should/ought to + hele WW
You should eat fruit every day. 
They ought to do their homework more often.

Should not - zou(den) eigenlijk niet moeten
Shouldn't + hele WW
You shouldn't eat too much sugar.

Unit 8

Third conditional

Third Conditional

Vorm: bij de third conditional gebruik je verschillende tijden in de twee zinsdelen. Bij if gebruik je de Past Perfect en in het andere zinsdeel would have + een voltooid deelwoord.

Gebruik: voor zaken die absoluut niet gebeurd zijn in het verleden.

Third conditional

IF 

had bought 
(past perfect)

THEN 

would not have peed

(would have + 3e rijtje ww)

Unit 8B- p96

Main clause	Result clause	Verbs
if I put ice in the sun	it melts	present simple + present simple
if I eat cake	I will get sick	present simple + will
if I studied	I would pass the test	past simple + would
if I had studied	I would have passed the test	past perfect + would present perfect

Unit 8

Speculating about the past

6.3 Speculating about the past

We use the words could have / might have, must have, can´t have to speculate about the past.

They are always followed by a past participle (3rd form).

Where is my phone? I must have left it somewhere. I can´t have left it at school -- I didn´t take it there. My sister might have picked it up.

Speculating about the past.

Modal + have + past participle (3rd verb from).

He must have missed his train.

John could have seen her.

Sarah might have gone on ahead.

He may have eaten the cake.

Florence should have been here.

I would have done that differently.

Speculating about the

 past