2. It made Hitler feel even more confident, powerful.
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4a. No, although they act friendly, Hitler calls Stalin "the scum of the earth" and Stalin calls Hitler "the bloody assassin of the workers".
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ANSWER
4b. It seems likely. The dead man on the ground represents Poland. Apparently the Nazi-Soviet pact leads to the destruction of Poland.
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ANSWER
7b. The artist wonders how long this alliance will last as Hitler and Stalin hate each other.
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ANSWER
8a. The car has a canon, and one of Hitler's helpers carries an axe.
(elements in a source are things that you can see, not interpretations)
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ANSWER
8b. Britain (UK) and France
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8d. Stalin did not trust the UK and France. With their appeasement politic they did not stop Hitler, they just made him more aggressive. Besides the two countries seemed more willing to appease Hitler as long as Hitler was going eastward, towards the USSR. Stalin also knew that the UK and France hated communism.
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9. The Time of World Wars
3. Europe at War: Hitler's war against the USSR
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ANSWER
1b. You can see Hitler and Stalin hugging each other.
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1b. Hitler stabs Stalin with a knife in his back
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1f: answer b. You can see oilfields (left) and grain.
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1g. "backstabbing" also means "betraying" someone.
Hitler betrayed the pact with Stalin when he invaded the USSR
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1h. When you smoke a pipe you are at ease, relaxed. You don't expect trouble. So maybe the artists uses the pipe to symbolise that Stalin really did not expect Hitler's attack.
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2. Hitler did not order winter clothing for his troops. So he must have been confident that he would win the war before winter.
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3. Stalin was probably very pleased. Germany now had a new enemy, and Stalin gained a new ally.
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ANSWER
4. No. Hitler did not give general Paulus permission to retreat, even if this would have saved many soldiers' lives.
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ANSWER
SOURCE B: In the front Hitler is sitting in his car. He looks unhappy. A roadsign points in the opposite direction. In the background we see a snowy landscape. Left: a German tank stuck in the snow and a frozen soldier. Right we see German soldiers walking (fleeing) away from Stalingrad.
With these elements the artist wants to make clear that the cartoon is about the German defeat at Stalingrad.
The ghost of Napoleon appears next to Hitler's car.
The artist compares Napoleon to Hitler. Both were conquerors and both suffered defeat in Russia. But to make matters worse for Hitler, Napoleon says to him: "At least I took Moscow first ( ..before I was defeated)". Hitler never managed to conquer Moscow.
Napoleon's war against Russia ended badly for him. The artist shows that Hitler will suffer the same fate.
Lesduur is: 15 min
