Units 4 + 5

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 5

Units 4 + 5

What do you know now?

Vocabulary 1: Verb + Noun collocations

Some verbs only go with certain nouns.

Match the phrases to their meaning:

1. drift off
2. break away
3. see through the mask
4. backed up by research
5. stumble upon something
6. let down their defences

A to show that an explanation or belief is probably true

B lower their (emotional) defences and open up

C gradually fall asleep

D to find something by accident

E understand the truth behind the appearance

F to leave a person, place or situation

Fill in your answers to the previous question

Substitution and Ellipsis

Language 1: Reference and ellipsis

Reference = refer back to previously stated people, things, events or ideas.

Example: ... the mobile phone and the computer. These two inventions have revolutionized communications...

Ellipsis = to omit a word or words to avoid repetition

Example: We play tennis on Saturdays and (we) sometimes (play) on Sundays, too.

1. I know I said I would go with you, but I won't ________

1. be able to do
2. be able so
3. be able to

2. He really loves you but he won't __________ because he is too proud.

1. tell so
2. say so
3. tell

3. She didn't remember to take the rubbish out, and ________ .

1. neither did he
2. he didn't too
3. nor he did

4. I've brought cookies. Do you want ________?

1. ones
2. one
3. this

Ellipsis - spoken English

In English, when we speak, we sometimes leave out articles (a, an, the), auxiliary verbs (have, do etc) and subject pronouns (I, you, etc)

Source: www.cambridgeenglish.org

Ellipsis - Spoken English

The sentences below are examples of ellipsis. 

Sustitute the underlined words for shorter or more commonly used forms.

Two of my friends recently adopted a dog. By (1) adopting a dog they have given me an insight into how animals can promote well-being. (2) My friends were happy enough before they brought Buster home but rarely have I seen anything bring so much joy into a home as he has.

1. doing that, them
2. it, they
3. doing that, they
4. it, them

It’s unsurprising that greater health and happiness can come from caring for a pet. One research study tracked people working in stressful jobs who adopted cats or dogs; caring for (3) the cats or dogs lowered the person’s blood pressure more effectively than medicine. People who own dogs tend to get more exercise than people without (4) a dog, and (5) exercise is a guaranteed way of boosting your health and happiness.

1. them, ones, it
2. them, one, that
3. those, one, that
4. those, ones, it

Having said (6) exercise is a guaranteed way to boost health and happiness, I would never suggest that families with young children should get a puppy or any similar pet; not because (7) getting a puppy is problematic in itself, but parents nowadays lead such busy lives that looking after a young animal is the last thing (8) parents want to worry about. 

1. it, there, they
2. it, it, those
3. that, it, they
4. that, it, those

Do you understand verb + noun collocations and ellipsis?

yes, both

only verb + noun

only ellipsis

no, neither

other (tell me)