CEN1 Grammar overview Unit 1 and 2

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 1

Welcome!

Overview of all the grammar from Units 1 and 2

Grammar topics

- Present simple ~p. 128

- Verb 'to be'

- Adverbs of frequency ~p. 128

- much/ many ~p. 128

- Present continuous ~p. 130

- Writing tips

Present simple

When do we use it?

When talking about facts, habits or routines.

How do we use it?

Option 1: subject + verb, with I / you / we / they

Option 2: subject + verb + s, with she / he / it  (SHIT-rule)

Vergeet het onderwerp niet! ow + hele ww (+s)

Present simple: lopen

I walk

he walks

she walks              (SHIT-rule)

it walks

we walk

you walk

they walk

Present simple: hebben

I have

he has

she has

it has

we have

you have

they have

Present simple

Exception 1: verbs ending with a s-sound

( -s, -z, -sh, -ch and -x) or to do / to go 

> add -es, (not -s with) he/she/it! 

                                      

                                        

                                                        

                                                     

to wash (wassen)	I wash	he wash es
to miss (missen)	you miss	she miss es
to go (gaan)	we go	it go es
to do (doen)	they do	he do es

https://engelslerenonline.com/werkwoorden/present-simple/

Present simple

Exception 2: verbs ending with -y and a consonant (k,l,m,r etc)   

> Add -ies, (not -s) with he/she/it! 

to fly(vliegen)	I fly	he fl ies
to cry (huilen)	you cry	she cr ies

Present simple

Pay attention! When there is a vowel (a,e,i,o,u) in front of the -y the normal rule applies!

> so add -s with he/she/it!

 

to enjoy (genieten)	we enjoy	she enjoys
to play (spelen)	they play	he plays

Present simple

Is the sentence affirmative, negative or a question? 

Affirmative	Negative	Question
I play games.	I don't play games.	Do I play games?
She likes to sing.	She doesn't like to sing.	Does she like to sing?
My friends dance every Tuesday evening.	My friends don't dance every Tuesday evening.	Do my friends dance every Tuesday evening?

'To be' grammar

ik ben =         I am >               I'm

jij bent =        you are >       you're

zij is =             she is >          she's

hij is =             he is >            he's

het is =            it is >              it's

wij zijn =         we are >       we're

jullie zijn =     you are >      you're

zij zijn =          they are >    they're

Verb 'to be'

- When do you use what form (am/is/are)? 

I am, he/she/it is, you/we/they are

- How do you make negative sentences with 'to be'?

add 'not' (I am not, she is not, they are not etc)

- How do you write the negative form shorter?

 she isn't, they aren't, etc. I am not can only be written shorter by making it I'm not.

Verb 'to be'

- How do you make questions with 'to be'? 

Change the word order (start with the correct form of 'to be') and finish your sentence with a question mark. 

e.g. Is he going to the store today? Aren't they leaving now?

Adverbs of frequency

= Words that tell you how often we do something

I always read before bed.

She sometimes writes in her diary.

Adverbs of frequency

-

-

Many/much

Many en much betekenen 'veel'.

Bij woorden in het meervoud (telbare woorden): gebruik many.

> I have to bring many books to school today. 

> Many people love the summer.

Bij woorden in het enkelvoud (ontelbare woorden):  gebruik much.

> I haven't got much money.

> There is too much wind today

Present continuous

Step 1: When present continuous?

If there are words in the sentence that tell you that something is happening now/ at this moment, you have to use the present continuous.

Example words from what that would be like in sentences: (right) now, at the moment, Look!, Watch!, Listen! (je wilt namelijk dat iemand nu, meteen naar je luistert of ergens naar kijkt).

Present continuous

Step 2: Which form of 'to be' do you need?

Step 3: verb+ing

Add the verb + ing: I am working, you are watching, she is carrying

I	am
He/she/it	is
We/you/they	are

Present continuous

Step 4: What kind of sentence is it?

 

Affirmative	Negative	Question
I am playing games at the moment.	I am not playing games at the moment.	Am I playing games at the moment?
She is singing now.	She isn't singing now.	Is she singing now?
Look! They are dancing over there.	They aren't dancing right now.	Are they dancing right now?

🇬🇧 Past Simple 

🇳🇱 Verleden Tijd

ww+ed

(irr. verb = 2e vorm)

I 

I saw him yesterday.

🇬🇧 Past Perfect

🇳🇱 Voltooid Verleden Tijd

🇬🇧 Present simple 

🇳🇱 Tegenwoordige Tijd

ww (+s with she/he/it)

Use don't/ doesn't with negative

Use do/ does with questions 

I walk home after school every day.

She doesn't like to eat apples..

Do they play video games together every day?

🇬🇧 Present continuous

🇳🇱 Duurvorm Tegenwoordige Tijd

am/is/are + verb + ing

Add 'not' with negative

Change word order with questions

I am walking home right now.

She isn't eating apples at the moment.

Are they playing video games now?

Present simple vs Present continuous

Writing tips

Tips:

- Na je aanhef (Dear ..... , ) en voor je afsluiting een witregel overslaan.

- Denk aan leestekens (punten, komma's etc.) en hoofdletters.

- I (= ik) is altijd met een hoofdletter!

- The Netherlands is ook met hoofdletters.

- Schrijf getallen (zoals leeftijden) voluit! 

- Zorg dat alles wat er in moet ook er in staat! (anders minpunten).

- Kies een passende afsluiting zoals Kind regards of Best wishes.

Good luck!

Practise the grammar topics you struggle with, study well and email me if you have any questions!