5.3 Powerful lords, semi-free farmers

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5.3 Powerful lords, semi-free farmers

Time of monks and knights, 500 - 1000

In which two ways was Christianity spread in the Middle Ages?

What does this image have to do with the spread of Christianity?

Success criteria

You can explain:

• Why farmers in the agricultural society were semi-free
  
• How agriculture was organised
• What the social relationships were
• What kind of trade there was
  

Clip: Serfs (horigen)

What? Do assignment 1 to 9 from section 5.3

How? Alone, in your workbook

Time? See the timer

Done? Do assignment 1 to 5 from 

page 142 - 144 WB

5.3 Powerful lords, semi-free farmers

Time of monks and knights, 500 - 1000

Success criteria

You can explain:

• Why farmers in the agricultural society were semi-free
  
• How agriculture was organised
• What the social relationships were
• What kind of trade there was
  

The Domain

A domain: village with agricultural land that is farmed according to the manorial system.

The area belongs to a nobleman or a monastery

Manor

Important building on the domain, in which lived the nobleman or the steward who managed the domain for the nobleman.

The manorial system

• The land on the estate was divided into 2 parts
  
• One part; fields of the lord (feudal lord) 
• The other part; 'own' fields of serf farmers.

Manorial system

Farmers

Manorial system

Hunger

Poverty

Unsafety

Farmers

Hofstelsel

Hunger

Poverty

Unsafety

Nobleman

(The lord)

Farmer

Hofstelsel

Hunger

Poverty

Unsafety

Nobleman

(The lord)

The lord gives:

• Protection
• Farmland
  

In exchange the farmer gives:

• Part of the harvest
  
• Did corvée (do work for the lord)

Horigen

De edelen

Eignaars van de grond, bestuurden het land, zorgden voor rechtspraak en voerden oorlog

House of the Lord

Often no more than a slightly larger wooden house with a wall. The farmers could take shelter here in case of an attack.

Drawbridge

Can be closed in the event of an attack

Moat

Additional defence during an attack

Simple houses

Inside the walls for the most important people

Orchard

Food was also grown within the walls. All proceeds here were for the lord

Outside the walls

There were two types of farmers:

1. free farmers: possessed their own land
2. Serfs::had no property and had to work for the lord

Corvées

Serfs were protected and fed by the lord, but the lord wanted something in return

The lord could ask for lordly services

• grain milling
• pressing grapes
• fighting for the lord
• pay grain
• maintain roads
• dig a ditch

Field

People also worked the land outside the walls. This was done by the serfs.

Meadow

Outside the walls were pastures for the animals

A serf:

Belongs to the domain, is bound to the land of the lord. If the lord sells the land or gives it away, the serfs is as well.

A serf is not allowed to:

-Leave the domain without permission.
-Marry without approval of the lord.

How did you become a serf?

• Descendants of slaves from Roman times who had been given their own piece of land to cultivate.
• Descendants of free farmers who had given their land to a monastery or nobleman in exchange for food after failed harvests or in exchange for protection.

5.3 Powerful lords, semi-free farmers

Time of monks and knights, 500 - 1000

Recieves protection

1. Free farmer
2. Serf
3. Lord

Gives protection

1. Free farmer
2. Serf
3. Lord

Has to give part of his harvest away

1. Free farmer
2. Serf
3. Lord

Forced to do corvée

1. Free farmer
2. Serf
3. Lord

Gives a piece of farm-land

1. Free farmer
2. Serf
3. Lord

Doesn't need to ask permission to leave his farm

1. Free farmer
2. Serf
3. Lord

Success criteria

You can explain:

• Why farmers in the agricultural society were semi-free
  
• How agriculture was organised
• What the social relationships were
• What kind of trade there was
  

Differences between manorial system and feudal system

Feudal system	Manorial system
Agreement between important noblemen (kings/dukes)	Appointment between less important people (knight/cleric/farmer)
Covers a large area (provinces of countries)	Covers a small area (a village and its surroundings)
Determines how an area is governed (politics)	Determines how people support themselves and interact with each other (economy/social)

Three social groups

Three social groups developed in the Middle Ages.

• Clergy: Those who pray.
• Nobility: Those who fight.
• The rest: Those who work.
• The clergy and nobility had certain privileges.

6.5 De kruistochten

Leerdoelen

• Hoe ontstonden de kruistochten?
• Hoe verliep de eerste kruistocht?
• Welke contacten waren er tussen kruisvaarders en Arabieren?

Gebeurtenissen

• 1095 Paus Urbanus II roept christelijke Europeanen op tot bevrijding Heilige Land
• 1096 Eerste kruisvaarders vechten zich door Turks gebied
• 1187  Sultan Saladin verovert Jeruzalem waardoor derde kruistocht ontstond
• 1291 Arabieren veroveren Akko, de laatste kruisvaarderstaat

Begrippen

• Heilige Land = Zo noemden christenen Jeruzalem en zijn omgeving, het gebied waar Jezus gepreekt zou hebben
• Kruistochten = Gewapende tochten van christenen om land op niet-christenen te veroveren
• Kruisvaarders = Deelnemers van een kruistocht

Weinig handel

Meer weten?

• Kruistocht in spijkerbroek
• De Vikingen komen (Vroeger&Zo)
• Welkom in de Middeleeuwen
• Jeanne d'Arc
• De Mongolen
• Marco Polo
• De Pest