6.1 Pope against emperor

• Geschiedenis
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 1

6.1 Pope against emperor

What period is discussed in this chapter?

1. 1000-1400
2. 500-1500
3. 700-1500
4. 1000-1500

What is the name of this age? The age of ...

1. Monks and missionaries
2. Cities and states
3. Greeks and Romans
4. Explorers and reformers

Goals for today

At the end of this lesson you...

• understand the Investiture Controversy.
• know the highlights of the conflict between church and state.

Context for this story

• Almost 100% of Europe is christian.
• Christians believed God is almighty = has all the power.
• Christians believed God can give power to specific people.

Jesus giving the keys of The Church to Peter (the first pope according to many christians)

The Roman Church had direct control over all churches in the red areas

Power

• The pope received spiritual power= rule over church and her followers.
• The emperor received secular power= rule over countries and people. 

Pope

Emperor

Europe in 1000 AD

Power struggle

• Both wanted more power.
• The problem started with the choice of bishops.
• = Regional leaders of the church -> listened to the pope.

Europe in 1000 AD

Bishops

• Sometimes also vassals of the emperor.
• Were not allowed to have children. 

Who could choose the new bishop of Utrecht?

1. The pope
2. The Holy Roman emperor
3. Both
4. Neither

Investiture 

Controversy

• =200 year long conflict about choosing bishops.
• Resulted in several civil wars and murders.

Papal bull (written by Gregory VII)

1. The Roman Church was founded by God alone.
2. Only the pope can remove or restore bishops. 
3. All secular rulers shall kiss the feet of the pope alone.
4. It is permitted for popes to fire emperors.
5. The pope shall be judged by no one.
6. The Roman Church has never made and will never make mistakes.

Imagine you are emperor Henry IV. Write a response to Gregory VII.

Excommunicated

• =Kicked out of the church and you are not allowed to go to heaven.
• You are not allowed to talk to someone who was excommunicated by the pope. 

Henry IV

• Henry was excommunicated.
• Asked the pope to forgive him.
• Marched to Rome
• Installed an Antipope= 2nd pope

Conclusion

The emperors won the struggle. From now on the emperor would choose new bishops. The pope still held influence over over the church itself.

What two types of power were given by God according to the church?

What was the Investiture Controversy about?

Goals for today

At the end of this lesson you...

• understand the Investiture Controversy.
• know the highlights of the conflict between church and state.

6.1 Pope against emperor