Unit 3: The circulatory system

• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 3

Unit 3: The circulatory system

§3.1 Blood

What do you know about blood?

Blood

The transportation system of your body

Consists of blood plasma (±55%) and blood cells (±45%)

What is blood plasma?

91% water

7% blood proteins

2% dissolved substances

What blood cells are there?

Blood cells

Red blood cells

White blood cells

Platelets

Red blood cells

The majority of blood cells (±25 * 10¹² cells )

Disc shaped, no nucleus

Carry oxygen/CO₂ through your body

They use the protein haemoglobin 

White blood cells

Elimination of pathogens

No fixed shape, can move through smallest openings 

Platelets

Broken cell parts

Play an important role in blood clotting

 §3.1

Make 1-4, 6-10

Unit 3 Circulatory system

§3.2 The circulatory system

Blood vessels

'Roads' of blood

3 types:

- Arteries

- Veins

- Capillaries

3 types of blood vessels 

Blood vessels in a human hand

What does the red colour mean? And the blue colour?

Double circulatory system

Pulmonary circulation

'short circulation'

Systemic circulation

'long circulation'

Make §3.2 

Assignment 4, 7, 8

Unit 3 Circulatory system

§3.2 The circulatory system

This lesson

Structure of arteries, veins and capillaries

Arteries

From heart towards organs

Thick muscle layer

High blood pressure

Deeper in the body

Veins

From organs towards heart (exception: portal vein)

Thin muscle layer; valves

Low blood pressure

Close to body surface

Valves

Capillaries

Very thin cell wall; thickness of 1 cell layer

Ideal for gas/nutrient exchange

&

movements of white blood cells

Make §3.2

Exercise 1-4, 6-10

Unit 3: The Circulatory System

§3.3 The heart

The heart

What function does the heart have?

Try to feel the heartbeat last lesson? In neck. But this is not the location of the heart. Where is it located?

What about the size? 

Why is one side blue and the other red?

The heart

Blood flow

Right & Left from your own perspective

Right ventricle --> pulmonary circulation

Left ventricle --> systemic circulation

Cardiac cycle

Cardiogram

Make §3.3

3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

Unit 3: The Circulatory System

§3.5 Immunity

What is immunity?

Virus

Bacteria

First line of defence

Skin/Endoderm

Mucous layers

HCl in stomach

White blood cells

Guardians of our bodies against antigenes/pathogens

2 types:

Macrophages

B-cells/T-cells (antibody producing)

Phagocytosis - non-specific immunity

Antibody production 

- specific immunity

Neutralization of pathogen

Make §3.5

1, 2, 6, 9

Unit 3: The Circulatory System

§3.5 Immunity II

This lesson

Natural immunity

Artificial immunity

Allergies

Natural immunity

Memory cells

Remember a specific pathogen in blood

Antibody production after infection

Smallpox

Poliomyelitis

Artificial immunity

Vaccinations

Allergic response

Hypersensitive immune response

Asthma

Wasp allergy

Make §3.5

Exercise 1-4, 6-11

Unit 3: The Circulatory System

§3.6 Healthy lifestyles

How to live healthy?

Form groups of 6 persons and choose a subject:

Smoking

Alcohol

Unhealthy food

Sport

Psychological Stress

Search for effects on the circulatory system (±20 min)

Look for positive and negative effects (preferably on the WWW)!

Discussion afterwards (±3 min per subject)