2.3 q

1a. Why was Italy disappointed with the
Peace Treaty after WW1?

1. Italy was faced with a huge debt, unemployment and social unrest.
2. Many Italians were displeased because Italy switched sides during the war.
3. Italy did not get out of the Peace Treaty what it had hoped for
4. Italy felt betrayed by its former allies Germany and Austria-Hungary

1b. Which statement about Mussolini is incorrect?

1. He was a socialist before WW1
2. He was a revolutionary who wanted to turn Italy into a communist state.
3. He believed that Italy needed better leadership after WW1
4. He became a nationalist during WW1

2. Why would Mussolini be pleased with this picture?

1. In the picture he is associated with a Roman emperor, which fits his wish of rebuilding the Roman empire
2. The picture shows that Mussolini was more important than Julius Caesar
3. The picture shows that he is in Rome and that he is the only leader of Italy
4. With this picture Mussolini wants to show that he is descended from the Roman emperors

3a. In 1922 Mussolini became prime minister of Italy.
Which statement about this is incorrect?

1. Mussolini used his Blackshirts to seize power illegally
2. The Italian parliament was not happy with Mussolini's action, but made him prime minister anyway
3. the March on Rome was intended to overthrow the democratic government of Italy
4. Mussolini respected the democratic parliament, even when he became prime minister

3b. When he was prime minister, Mussolini immediately
started to change things.
Which of the following is NOT something that he agreed with?

1. only one political party is allowed in Italy: the fascist party
2. parliament can no longer stop Mussolini's decisions
3. freedom of speech and publicais banned
4. political parties that support Mussolini are allowed

FASCISM

4. Choose the characteristics of fascism

Democracy

A strong and powerful leader

The use of violence

equality

Satisfaction with the Treaty of Versailles

Censorship

Extended pleas for respecting parliamental rights

5. Look at the stamp (the knight on the horse is Mussolini).
Which of the following characteristics of fascism can be recognised in the stamp's picture?

1. a strong and powerful leader
2. censorship
3. anti-democratic
4. violence is good

6a. Make the correct choice:

Germany was a republic

1. Before WW1
2. After WW1

6b. Make the correct choice:

the power in Germany was challenged by communists

1. Before WW1
2. After WW1

6c. Make the correct choice:

Germany was a monarchy

1. Before WW1
2. After WW1

6d. Make the correct choice:

Germany was a democracy

1. Before WW1
2. After WW1

6e. Make the correct choice:

Germany had a strong government

1. Before WW1
2. After WW1

7a. What political ideology did the German party
"Spartacus League" belong to?

1. fascism
2. communism
3. national-socialism
4. democracy

7b. What did the Spartacus League want?

To turn Germany into:

1. a communist state
2. an absolute monarchy
3. a Nazi dictatorship
4. a democratic republic

9a. German soldiers were not really stabbed in the back with a knife.
It is a figure of speech.
What does "backstabbing someone" mean?

1. to kill someone
2. to betray someone
3. to help someone kill another person
4. to hurt someone

9b. What was the stab-in-the-back myth about?

1. Germany could have won the war if the government had not been betrayed by military commanders
2. German army did not lose the war, it was betrayed by (communist and Jewish) politicians who signed the armistice.
3. German politicians did not lose the war, but the army that had weak leadership
4. The kaiser betrayed the Germans by fleeing to the Netherlands. That is why Germany lost the war, not because the army was weak.

10. The man who stabs the German soldier in the back is colored red. What does the artist want to say with that?

1. The German army was betrayed by socialists / communists
2. The German army was betrayed by nationalists / fascists
3. red represents the blood that was shed in this betrayal
4. the color is used to highlight the important part of the picture

11. Who would most likely spread the Stab-in-the-back legend?

1. democrats
2. extremist right nationalists
3. extremist left communists
4. jews

12a. Read the source, a scene from a novel,
taking place in early 1919.

Explain the last sentence. In what way
was Germany gone?

12b. According to the novelist, how did
World War I cause the post-war chaos in
Germany?

12c. Write down two other causes for Germany’s post-war chaos.

13. Which promises did Hitler make?

1. End the Treaty of Versailles and make Germany great again
2. Respect the Treaty of Versailles and end democracy
3. End Germany and make the Treaty of Versailles great again
4. Start another war that will end the Treaty of Versailles and make Germany great again

14a. Which characteristic do fascism and national-socialism share?

1. democracy
2. revenge for the Treaty of Versailles
3. a pure race
4. inequality between people

14b. Which characteristic do fascism and national-socialism NOT share?

1. use of violence is good
2. a strong leader
3. a pure race
4. inequality between people

15a. In what way did Hitler take advantage of the weakness of the government?

15b. What was the major overall goal of the Brownshirts?

1. to weaken people’s trust in democracy
2. to fight communists in the streets
3. to help the police fight communists in the streets
4. to gain more support for Hitler's racial ideas

16. Why do nazis believe that war is a good thing?

1. only the strong survive, which is good for the race
2. only war can get Germany more "lebensraum"
3. it is the only way to get rid of the jews
4. Hitler said that just to get support from German generals

17. Hitler wanted to create a ‘Third Reich’. Explain what type of continuity Hitler suggested when using the name ‘Third Reich’.

18a. Who did the Nazis see as the most superior race?

1. colored people in the non western world
2. slavic people in eastern Europe
3. jewish people
4. aryan people

18b. Who did the Nazis see as the most inferior race?

1. colored people in the non western world
2. slavic people in eastern Europe
3. jewish people
4. aryan people

19a. This photo shows Doctor Bruno Beger, a Nazi scientist, on a
skull-measuring expedition in Tibet.
When doing scientific research, it is custom to formulate one or
more research questions in advance. Think of a descriptive question,
a comparative question, and an evaluative question,
regarding Beger’s work.

19b. It can be argued that Beger was probably biased, regarding the
outcome of his experiments. What is the strongest argument in
favour of that statement?

19c. Think of an argument against the statement of 15b

20. Which of the 2 election posters is most likely made after 1929?

1. poster A
2. poster B

21. Why would Hitler benefit from an economic crisis?

1. during a crisis people lose faith in their government and are more willing to follow a strong leader who will solve the problems
2. during a crisis many people lose their jobs. Hitler knew that only communism could save them.
3. Hitler knew that Germany could no longer pay the Reparations, so he got his revenge for the Treaty of Versailles
4. Hitler knew that Germans would all blame the Jews for this crisis and thus vote for him.

22. Put the events in the correct chronological order

Hitler's failed Munich Putsch (coup)

Treaty of Versailles

start economic crisis in America

Hitler writes "Mein Kampf"

Mussolini's March to Rome

Finally, here you can write down a question about
something from this lesson that you don't fully understand yet.