Objective Advanced unit 14

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 5

Today's Programme

- How do babies learn a language (speaking and listening)

- Reading 

Lesson Objective:

- You can listen to a lecture on the evolution of language.

- You can understand a video on the early-on language perception of babies

unit 14 language

speaking and listening

Discuss in small groups whether these statements are true.

Babies can begin to learn language before they are born.

Babies can make sounds in different accents.

Learning two languages from birth causes delays in language learning.

Second-born children are late to start talking because their siblings do all the talking for them

00:33

Why do we speak to babies like this?

01:04

Aspiration

the noise that is made when air escapes after a plosive consonant sound

Compare:

Dutch     --> 'pit'              [pit]

English   --> 'pit              [p  it]

h

03:13

"... it creates clarity and contrast."

Cf. A very fast speaking French person. You (I for certain) often cannot distinguish separate words, as it sounds like one long blur. 

listen!

do exercise 2 - 4

CD 2 nr 2

reading

This text is about pronunciation and language development. It also discusses the difference between humans and animals.

exercise 1

Now do exercise 1 and 2

Today's Programme

- Passive explanation

- Passive practice

- Old English Period

Lesson Objective:

- You know what a 'passive' sentence is and can create passive sentences in 

all tenses. 

- You have a general idea of the Old English Period and know some literary terms used in contemporary texts.

Today's Programme

- Passive explanation

- Passive practice

Lesson Objective:

- You know what a 'passive' sentence is and can create passive sentences in 

all tenses. 

Mr Tip ... V5 English today.

1. teaches
2. is teaching
3. is taught
4. are being taught

V5 ... English today.

1. teaches
2. is teaching
3. is taught
4. are being taught

Rewrite the sentence using the passive voice.

Somebody stole my wallet.

Rewrite the sentence using the passive voice.

Somebody killed my neighbour.

Auxiliaries in the passive

Penguins are attacking my sister. 

This sentence contains a form of "to be". 

Repeat the form of to be. ! Be aware that the form can change!

Use being + past participle to make the passive. 

Rewrite the sentence using the passive voice.

Penguins are attacking my sister.

Challenging! Rewrite the sentence using the passive voice.
Sam was feeding his cat at six o'clock yesterday evening

The mechanic has not repaired the DVD recorder.

I will not write the essay.

Easy?

Do ex. 1-8 pp. 90-1

www.englisch-hilfen.de

www.englisch-hilfen.de

www.englisch-hilfen.de

www.english-4u.de

passive

Active sentence: the subject of the sentence carries out the action that is described by the verb.

He reads a book – He is the one who is doing the reading

Passive sentence: the subject of the sentence undergoes the action that is described by the verb

A book is read – the book is not the one who is doing the reading, but someone else reads the book.

when do you use a passive?

• when it is not important who carries out the action. The action itself is the most important.

Most cars are made in Asia. (by people/car manufacterers) 

• when we do not know who carried out an action

His bike was stolen yesterday.

• in formal situations ( lectures, academic writing, reports etc.)

Speech developments of infants has been researched by many scientists over the last few decades. 

The man saw the woman in the park.

Step one: turn the direct object into the new subject

The woman …………..

Step two: Find out what the tense of the verb is and replace it with the same tense of to be

The woman was …………

Step three: add the past participle of the main verb

The woman was seen ………

Step four: copy the rest of the sentence

The woman was seen in the park ….

 Step five: write down by and then the original subject

The woman was seen in the park by the man.

note:

The passive sentence has one more verb than the active sentence because you add to be.

If the original subject is vague (you, they, people) or unimportant you can leave out by you, by them, by people.

The thief has been arrested. (by the police)

If the active sentence has a direct object (lijdvw.) and an indirect object (mwvw.) there are two possible passive sentences.

I wrote her a letter.

A letter was written to her by me

She was written a letter by me

You can also use a passive to translate the Dutch men and er.

Er werden drie auto’s verkocht

There were sold three cars. WRONGGGGGGGGGG!

Three cars were sold. RIGHTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT!

 

Men zegt dat Engels erg gemakkelijk is.

It is said that English is very easy.

English is said to be very easy.

Questions:

Werden er drie auto’s verkocht? Did they sell three cars?

Were three cars sold (by them)?

tense	active	passive
present simple	I make it	it is made
present continuous	I am making it	it is being made
present perfect	I have made it	it has been made
past simple	I made it	it was made
past continuous	I was making it	it was being made
past perfect	I had made it	it had been made
modals	I should make it	it should be made

reporting information

it + passive (+ that) + active clause

It is said                           it is felt

it is thought                   it is hoped

it is beieved                   it is reported

it is claimed

it is considered

It is claimed that English the most important subject at school.

reporting information

passive + to + infinitive

He is believed to raise pigs.

there + passive + to + infinitive (usually be)

There is reported to be a hurricane in the south of Texas.

reporting information

passive + perfect infinitive

this indicates that the event has already taken place.

The festival is believed to have been a huge success.

Language is believed to have started 50,000 years ago

have/get something done (ex. 7+8 p. 91)

When you hire someone to do something for you, you can use a passive. The action is more important than who carries it out.

subject + have/get + object + past participle

 I had my hair cut.

I got my car serviced.

have/get something done (ex. 7+8 p. 91)

use have:

• when the subject of the sentence is not responsible for , or has little control over what happens.
• when you focus on the result of an action (instead of on the action itself)

use won't have + object + present/past participle

•  when  you won't allow someone to do something, or something to happen

have/get something done (ex. 7+8 p. 91)

use get:

• when - in informal situations only -  the subject of the sentence is not responsible for , or has little control over what happens.
• when you want to imply that the subject of the sentence causes something to happen or is to blame for it.

want something done (ex. 7)

want + object + past participle

• to say that you would like someone to do something or you would like something to happen.

I want the homework done before the next lesson

extra exercises

Turn the following active sentences into passive ones if possible. Write down X if you cannot change the sentence into a passive one.

The builders tore down the house after it had been destroyed in a devastating fire.

The dog has eaten my homework.

The toddler stroked the cat very gently.

Mary would bake a cake every day.

Today Miss Prim is walking to school instead of going by car.

 Peter will have learned all the words for English by the end of the week.

He was reading a newspaper when his brother asked him to come out and play with him.

We would have found the exit of the escape room much sooner if we had only thought in a more logical way.

extra exercise - key

The builders tore down the house after it had been destroyed in a devastating fire.

The house was torn down by the builders after it had
been destroyed in a devastating fire.

The dog has eaten my homework.

My homework has been eaten by the dog.

The toddler stroked the cat very gently.

The cat was stroked very gently by the toddler.

Mary would bake a cake every day.

A cake would be baked every day by Mary.

Today Miss Prim is walking to school instead of going by car.

X

extra exercise - key

Peter will have learned all the words for English by the end of the week.

All the words for English will have been learned by the end of the week by Peter.

He was reading a newspaper when his brother asked him to come out and play with him.

A newspaper was being read by him when his brother asked him to come out and play with him.

We would have found the exit of the escape room much sooner if we had only thought in a more logical way.

The exit of the escape room would have been found much sooner by us if we had only thought in a more logical way

extra exercise

Fill in the right passive tense.

Last week Kenneth …(take) to hospital by ambulance.

The wolf … never … (see) Holland in this century before.

After he … (hit) on the head by a large branch the doctor put a bandage on his head and gave him an aspirin.

The train tickets … (buy) at the station next Thursday.

Last year ten countries … (reported) to violate Human Rights.

Listen! Mozart … (play) by Miss Brahms again.

The pupils’ marks … (report) in Magister.

extra exercise - key

Last week Kenneth  was taken…(take) to hospital by ambulance.

The wolf has… never …been seen (see) in Holland in this century before.

After he had been hit… (hit) on the head by a large branch the doctor put a bandage on his head and gave him an aspirin.

The train tickets …will be bought (buy) at the station next Thursday.

Last year ten countries  were reported… (reported) to violate Human Rights.

Listen! Mozart …is being played (play) by Miss Brahms again.

The pupils’ marks  are reported… (report) in Magister.

 

vocabulary

In this exercise you fill in a different part of speech than the word that is given in bold.

in order to know which part of speech to use, look before and after the gap.

verb / noun / adjective / adverb

mind: you may use a prefix