Unit 2 Moving lesson 3: 2.3 Muscles (+ repetition)

• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 1

2.3 Muscles

What is the name of joints that allow a lot of movement?

1. Synovial joints
2. Fused joints
3. Cartilaginous joints
4. Sutural connection

What is the name of the joints that keep the bones of the skull together?

1. Synovial joints
2. Fused joints
3. Cartilaginous joints
4. Sutural connection

What type of joints are the intervertebral discs?

1. Synovial joints
2. Fused joints
3. Cartilaginous joints
4. Sutural connection

New born babies have fontanelles in their skull. Later, the bones will grow together and form sutures. Why did the bones not yet grow together?

What type of joints are the pivot, hinge and ball-and-socket joint?

1. Synovial joints
2. Fused joints
3. Cartilaginous joints
4. Sutures

Look at the X-ray of a synovial joint. What is the name of this type of joint?

1. Pivot joint
2. Hinge joint
3. Ball-and-socket joint
4. Knee joint

PIVOT 

HINGE

BALL-AND-SOCKET

Next to bones and joints, what else do you need for movement?

Muscles (voluntary or skeletal)

• Muscles are attached to bones by tendons 
• They constist of small fibres

Today we will check your understanding about MUSCLES! 

 

There are three types:

1. voluntary muscles (you decide to move)

2. involuntary muscles (you can't control it)

3. cardiac muscle (in your heart)

Skeletal muscles

Look at the structure of this muscle

Muscles move the bones

Muscles can only contract

          - the muscle becomes shorter and thicker

Some muscles need other muscles to relax

Muscles at work

Because muscles can only contract, They work in pairs.

• Example: Biceps and Triceps in the upper arm
• They are called: ANTAGONISTIC PAIRS

       - they each do the opposite of the other

involuntary muscle/smooth muslce

less strong than skeletal muscle

never tires

inside your organs (like your intestines)

Involuntary muscle (smooth muscle)

Do you see a difference in structure?

cardiac muscle

only in your heart

doesn't tire!

somewhere in between skeletal and smooth muscle

skeletal muscle strength

1. fast twitch fibers => contract faster, tire quickly, give a lot of strength (light colour) => sprinters

2. slow twitch fibers => contract slower, don't tire quickly, have less strength (dark colour) => marathon runners

The muscles in your small intestines are ...

1. voluntary muscles
2. involuntary muscles

Skeletal muscles are voluntary muscles

1. true
2. false

The muscles in your tongue are ...

1. voluntary muscles
2. involuntary muscles

Marathon runners have a lot of ... in their muscles

1. fast-twitch fibres
2. slow-twitch fibers

What is an antagonistic pair?

1. a place where two bones meet
2. muscles that work together
3. Tendons and ligaments
4. Muscles in 2 limbs with the same function