repetition and check 1.3 - the respiratory system

Short summary 
Respiration is a form of combustion (verbranding) that happens in our cells. 
Respiration creates energy. 

Our cells need Oxygen and Glucose for respiration to happen. 
Oxygen we take from the air. 
Glucose we get from eating.

The waste products (combustion products) are: Carbon dioxide and water
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Slide 1: Tekstslide
BiologieMiddelbare schoolvwoLeerjaar 2

In deze les zitten 47 slides, met interactieve quizzen, tekstslides en 4 videos.

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Short summary 
Respiration is a form of combustion (verbranding) that happens in our cells. 
Respiration creates energy. 

Our cells need Oxygen and Glucose for respiration to happen. 
Oxygen we take from the air. 
Glucose we get from eating.

The waste products (combustion products) are: Carbon dioxide and water

Slide 1 - Tekstslide

Cells respire more during exercise, because you need more energy.

Inhaled air contains:
  • more oxygen used to create energy.
  • less carbon dioxide than exhaled air.
Exhaled air contains:
  • more carbon dioxide produced as a waste product of energy production.
  • less oxygen as it has been used in respiration


Slide 2 - Tekstslide

What is the formula of respiration (= combustion in your body)? 
Glucose
Oxygen
Energy
Carbon dioxide
Water

Slide 3 - Sleepvraag

Combustion in your body = respiration
Getting energy from food 
  • Our fuel is glucose
  • Oxygen is needed to break down glucose (breathing)


Slide 4 - Tekstslide

In plants 

Photosynthesis

CO2 + H2O + sunlight -> C6H12O6 + O2

CO2 = Carbondioxide 
H2O = Water
C6H12O6 = Glucose
O2 = Oxygen
In plants and animals

Combustion (cellular respiration)

O2 + C6H12O6 -> CO2 + H20 + energy

CO2 = Carbondioxide 
H2O = Water
C6H12O6 = Glucose
O2 = Oxygen

Where do we need the energy for?
And other animals / plants?

Slide 5 - Tekstslide

BS 1.3 respiratory system 



After this lesson:
- You can name parts of the respiratory system with their features and functions.

Slide 6 - Tekstslide

Respiratory system = ademhalingsstelsel

Slide 7 - Tekstslide

Slide 8 - Video

The parts of the respiratory system and their functions

Slide 9 - Tekstslide

The nasal cavity and oral cavity
When you breath the air comes in through the  nasal cavity or oral cavity.

The nasal cavity is a large, air-filled space above and behind the nose in the middle of the face. 

In the front part of the nasal cavity are the nasal hairs, they trap larger dust particles. 



Slide 10 - Tekstslide

Check out the picture for all the parts!
The walls of the nasal cavity are covered with the nasal lining, which has mucus-producing cells (cells that produce mucus, slijm).
--> This is also called the mucous membrane.

The mucus moistens the air that you inhale. 

Under the nasal lining are a lot of small blood vessels that keep the nasal lining warm. This also warms up the inhaled air. 

Slide 11 - Tekstslide

So the nasal hairs capture the big dust particles. 
Smaller dust particles and germs stick to the mucus of the nasal lining. 

Small hairs called cilia sweep the mucus towards the back where it gets swallowed.
(you will see this in the video on the next page).

Slide 12 - Tekstslide

Slide 13 - Video

The olfactory system
The air we inhale gets checked by the olfactory system. This helps you smell and it warns you if it contains any smelly gasses that may be dangerous.

  • The olfactory system is located in the roof of the nasal cavity

    Slide 14 - Tekstslide

    Which one holds onto the smaller dust particles you inhale?
    A
    Olfactory sytem
    B
    Mucus
    C
    Nose hairs
    D
    Ciliated cells

    Slide 15 - Quizvraag

    What is the olfactory system used for?
    A
    The exchange of gas
    B
    Clearing the nasal cavity of dust particles
    C
    Used for the sense of smell
    D
    Clearing the bronchiole of dust particles.

    Slide 16 - Quizvraag

    What is the function of cilia?
    A
    Sweep dust particles and other irritants to the back of the nasal cavity
    B
    Sweep snot to the back of your nasal cavity
    C
    Make mucus to catch dust particles
    D
    Sweep dust particles to the front of your nose

    Slide 17 - Quizvraag

    Oral cavity
    When you breath through your mouth the air is not cleaned, warmed or moistened as much. Your sense of smell is less good then too. 

    Breathing through your mouth is healthier than breathing through your mouth. 

    Slide 18 - Tekstslide

    Name 4 short reasons why breathing through your nose is healthier than breathing through your mouth

    Slide 19 - Open vraag

    Pharynx 
    After the nasal cavity and oral cavity air passes the pharynx.

    The pharyx is where the path taken by your food crosses the path taken by the air you breath.






    Slide 20 - Tekstslide

    Breathing
    1. When you breath the uvula and epiglottis are open. This way air can go straight into the windpipe. 

    Slide 21 - Tekstslide

    Swallowing
    2. When you swallow the uvula and epiglottis are closed. This way food can not get into the nasal cavity or windpipe. 

    Slide 22 - Tekstslide

    Choking
    3. When you choke the uvula and epiglottis did not close properly and food gets into your windpipe. 

    Most of the time you can cough (hoesten) the food back up.

    Slide 23 - Tekstslide

    Slide 24 - Video

    Open
    Closed
    open
    closed
    open
    closed
    uvula
    epiglottis
    uvula
    epiglottis
    uvula
    epiglottis

    Slide 25 - Sleepvraag

    Larynx 
    The larynx or voicebox is located between the pharynx and windpipe. The larynx contains the vocal cords (stembanden).

    You can feel the larynx on the outside of your throat as the Adam's apple. 

    Slide 26 - Tekstslide

    Slide 27 - Tekstslide

    Windpipe
    The windpipe or trachea is a hollow tube connected to the lower part of the larynx. 

    Cartilage rings (kraakbeen ringen) make sure the windpipe is always open and doesn't collapse. 




    Slide 28 - Tekstslide

    Bronchi 
    The windpipe splits into two branches called the bronchi, one to each lung. 

    The bronchi also have cartilage rings.

    The bronchi split into even smaller branches called the bronchioles. 

    The bronchioles are too small for cartilage rings, they have small muscles in the walls. 

    Slide 29 - Tekstslide

    The larynx contains the ...?
    A
    Vocal cords
    B
    Windpipe
    C
    Cartilage rings
    D
    Adam's apple

    Slide 30 - Quizvraag

    Why are the cartilage rings horse-shoe shaped?
    A
    For breathing
    B
    For flexibility
    C
    for respiration
    D
    to make it stronger

    Slide 31 - Quizvraag

    Alveoli
    The alveoli are located at the end of the bronchioles. 

    This is where gas exchange (gaswisseling) happens.

    The place where Oxygen goes to the blood and Carbon dioxide to the lungs. 

    Slide 32 - Tekstslide

    The alveoli are surrounded by tiny blood vessels (aderen), named the lung capillaries. 

    Blood flowing to the alveoli is oxygen poor (zuurstof arm) and carbon dioxide rich ( CO2 rijk) (blue).

    Blood flowing from the alveoli is oxygen rich (Zuurstof rijk) and carbon dioxide poor (CO2 arm) (red)

    Slide 33 - Tekstslide

    The walls of the lung capillaries and alveoli are extremely thin (1 cell layer).

    The surface area (het oppervlakte)  of the alveoli is really big. 

    Because of the thin walls and the big surface area, gas exchange can happen very fast!


    Slide 34 - Tekstslide

    Gas exchange 
    1) Oxygen comes from the air we inhale into the alveoli -> Oxygen goes from alveoli through the wall into the blood of the lung capillary -> blood brings Oxygen to all the cells in the body. 


    2) Blood brings Carbon dioxide from cells to the lungs -> Carbon dioxide goes from blood through the walls into the alveoli -> We breath out the Carbon dioxide.

    Slide 35 - Tekstslide

    The walls of the windpipe, bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli are covered with a mucus lining.

     

    Cilia are constantly sweeping the mucus back up towards the pharyx where it is swallowed.

    Slide 36 - Tekstslide

    Slide 37 - Video

    Oral cavity
    Pharynx
    Larynx
    Alveoili
    Bronchiole
    Bronchi
    Windpipe
    Nasal cavity

    Slide 38 - Sleepvraag

    Put the organs in the correct order
    Air enters the body
    Gas exchange
    Nasal cavity
    Alveoli
    Pharynx
    Larynx
    Bronchi
    Bronchioles
    Trachea

    Slide 39 - Sleepvraag


    Blood with a lot of Oxygen
    Blood with Carbon dioxide 
    one cell layer thick
    lung cappilaries around the alveoli

    oxygen goes into the red blood cells

    Carbon dioxide goes into the air

    Slide 40 - Sleepvraag

    What is the main purpose of the alveoli?
    A
    Transfer oxygen to and remove CO2 from the blood cells
    B
    To trap dust in the lungs
    C
    To make your voice go high When inhaling helium.
    D
    To transfer blood.

    Slide 41 - Quizvraag

    how thin are the walls of the alveoli?
    A
    1 mm
    B
    1 cell
    C
    the same as a nose hair
    D
    10 cells

    Slide 42 - Quizvraag

    Blood that comes from the lungs is ..
    A
    Oxygen rich and Carbon dioxide poor
    B
    Oxygen rich and Carbon dioxide rich
    C
    Oxygen poor and Carbon dioxide rich
    D
    Oxygen poor and Carbon dioxide poor

    Slide 43 - Quizvraag

    Blood that comes from the cells is...
    A
    Oxygen rich and carbon dioxide poor
    B
    Oxygen rich and Carbon dioxide rich
    C
    Oxygen poor and Carbon dioxide rich
    D
    Oxygen poor and Carbon dioxide poor

    Slide 44 - Quizvraag

    Explain how gas exchange takes place inside the alveoli using the terms oxygen, lung capillaries, carbon dioxide

    Slide 45 - Open vraag

    Explain in which 2 ways the form of the alveoli contributes to rapid gas exchange.

    Slide 46 - Open vraag

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    Slide 47 - Poll