havo 4 - Unit 9 + exam folder 5

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 4

Unit 9: The hard sell

Modals

of speculation (gissen/raden)

of deduction (afleiden)

Modals (p. 170)

There are three modals you can use when you are not 100% certain about something (so you speculate): could - may - might.

may = in Dutch "misschien". There is a reasonable change that it will happen. May is rather formal and not used very often.

could = in Dutch "zou kunnen". There is a good chance that it will happen; perhaps 50-50%

might = in Dutch "heel misschien". There is a only slim chance that it will happen

Modals

When you are 100% sure that something will happen: must

That car must be doing over 100 kph at least!

It must be possible nowadays to find that information online.

When you are 100% sure that something will not happen: can't/couldn't

You can't be serious!

They couldn't possibly be here before lunchtime, it's a four hour drive!

Modals in the past

may have + past participle

might have + past participle

could have+ past participle

must have + past participle

can't have + past participle

couldn't have + past particple

(past participle = verb + -ed/ 3rd irregular)

Now do exercises 1 - 8

We _____ be able to win, but I don’t think we have a good chance.

1. may
2. can
3. must
4. could

It ____ been Mr Tip you saw yesterday. I know he was also there.

1. couldn't have
2. can't have
3. could have
4. must have

She ____ left the house quietly. I didn’t hear her.

1. can have
2. must have
3. could
4. could have

It ____ been raining, as the path is completely dry.

1. can have
2. can't have
3. mustn't have
4. could have

Mum, ____ you pass me the sugar please?

1. can
2. may
3. could
4. must

He’s not picking up the phone. He ____ be home yet.

1. cannot
2. mustn't
3. may not
4. shouldn't

They ____ missed the train. Otherwise, they would be here by now.

1. can have
2. could have
3. should have
4. must have

That ____ be John. He said he was going to travel to Australia.

1. can't
2. may not
3. might not
4. can

Extra practice

Still having some doubts on whether or not you understand this grammar? Have a go at 2 or 3 of these online exercises:

https://test-english.com/grammar-points/b2/speculation-deduction/

https://www.examenglish.com/grammar/B1_present_modals_of_deduction.htm

http://modalsinnature.weebly.com/speculation-and-deduction.html

Unit 9.1

Grammar: Modals of speculation and deduction (1-6)

Vocabulary: collocations (7-8)

Do all exercises!

A huge variety

A huge budget

A huge market

A huge picture

A high voice

A high budget

A low voice

A low budget

A deep message

A deep character

A deep voice

A shallow message

 A shallow idea

A shallow character

A narrow picture

A narrow view

Narrow ideas

A wide variety

A wide market

A wide picture 

Ex 7 - Collocations: 

Translate to Dutch

Unit 9.2

Listening

Vocabulary

Grammar extra: order of adjectives

9.2: Listening

Exercise 1. Describe a commercial to your classmate and ask him/her to guess what commercial you are talking about.

Exercise 2:

Listen and tick the boxes of the things that are mentioned by the speaker.

listening 10

Listening

Exercise 3

Write down WOMAN (W) or MAN (M) in the boxes.

Listen again and answer the multiple choice question in exercise 4

nr 11

Listening

Answer the multiple choice questions in exercise 5.

nr 12

Grammar extra: order of adjectives (p170)

Adjectives that express opinions always come before adjectives to express descriptions. This only when more than 1 adjective is used:

- the brilliant German scientist Albert Einstein.

When using more than 1 descriptive adjective, 

they follow this order:

(opinion -) size - shape - age - colour - nationality - material

- a small oval silver necklace

- the tall young Australian conservationist

Now read and do the grammar extra exercises

Expressions for discussing ideas

There are some verbs that you can use to discuss ideas: reckon - admit - bet - doubt - expect - guess - suggest - suppose - stress

Some of these verbs are formal whereas others are informal. 

Now do exercise 6.

Exercise 7 is in the next slide

Introducing an idea or opinion

giving a different point of view

adding to an idea

I suppose

On the other hand

It seems to me that

Not only that, but

true enough, though

What's more

Exam folder 5

Do exam folder 5 to practise your listening skills!

Do all the exercises and read the exam advice carefully.

Don't forget to check your answers and ask questions when you don't understand something.

nr 13

nr 14